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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 246-259.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00130

• • 上一篇    

青藏高原大规模光伏发电系统建设生态适宜性分区

杨嘉繁1(), 张瑞珈1, 曾维华1(), 李嘉琪1, 王立婷1, 彭怀午2   

  1. 1.北京师范大学 环境学院,北京 100875
    2.中国电建集团西北勘测设计院有限公司,陕西 西安 710100
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-06 修回日期:2026-07-18 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 曾维华
  • 作者简介:杨嘉繁(2003—),男,江西南昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向为可再生能源发电系统选址。E-mail: 202521180035@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB 4202101)

Ecological suitability zoning for photovoltaic system construction on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Jiafan Yang1(), Ruijia Zhang1, Weihua Zeng1(), Jiaqi Li1, Liting Wang1, Huaiwu Peng2   

  1. 1.School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    2.Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xian 710100,China
  • Received:2026-03-06 Revised:2026-07-18 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-11-02
  • Contact: Weihua Zeng

摘要:

青藏高原太阳能资源丰富,是中国大规模光伏开发的重要战略区域。但该地区具有重要的生态功能且生态环境脆弱,光伏开发与生态保护之间存在冲突。为确保二者协同发展,亟须通过生态适宜性分区引导光伏发电系统的有序布局。本研究构建了涵盖光伏资源禀赋、建设运维适宜性、生态系统功能重要性、生态环境敏感性和社会经济适宜性的五维评价指标体系,运用熵权法计算19个单指标权重,并采用空间叠置方法对青藏高原光伏发电系统建设进行生态适宜性分区及评价。结果表明:(1)优先建设区和适宜建设区面积约为青藏高原总面积的1/10,其中优先建设区面积为16.08万km²,主要集中于青海柴达木盆地和西藏中部;分省域来看,青海、西藏的优先建设区分别占该区域面积的12.5%和5.5%,四川、云南以禁止建设区为主,占比超80%。(2)青藏高原现有光伏项目对本研究划定的优先建设区利用不充分,且有3处与居民点缓冲区交叠,干扰当地居民生活。进一步引入风沙活动强度作为后置风险约束后发现,光伏适宜性有效范围内风沙风险总体较低,强-极强风沙风险区仅占0.75%,但在柴达木盆地及西北部局地极、高适宜区仍存在风沙约束型适宜区。建议近中期光伏开发应聚焦优先建设区。

关键词: 青藏高原, 光伏发电布局, 生态适宜性分区, 空间叠置分析

Abstract:

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP), endowed with abundant solar energy resources, is a strategic region for large-scale photovoltaic (PV) development in China. However, its critical ecological functions and fragile environment pose significant challenges to balancing renewable energy development with ecological conservation. Therefore, ecological suitability zoning is needed to guide the orderly deployment of PV systems and promote the coordinated development of energy utilization and ecological protection. In this study, an evaluation index system consisting of five dimensions—PV resource endowment, construction and operation suitability, ecosystem service importance, ecological environmental sensitivity, and socio-economic suitability—was established. The entropy weight method was applied to determine the weights of 19 evaluation indicators, and spatial overlay analysis was employed to perform ecological suitability zoning for PV system construction on the QXP. The results show that: (1) The priority and suitable construction zones account for approximately 10% of the total area of the QXP. Among them, the priority construction zones cover approximately 160 800 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province and central Xizang. At the provincial level, priority construction zones account for 12.5% and 5.5% of the total area of Qinghai and Xizang, respectively, while Sichuan and Yunnan are dominated by prohibited construction zones, accounting for more than 80% of their total areas. (2) Existing PV projects on the plateau do not fully utilize the priority construction zones identified in this study, and three projects overlap with residential buffer zones, thereby potentially affecting local residents’ livelihoods. Based on these findings, it is suggested that PV development in the short to medium term should prioritize the designated priority construction zones. After incorporating wind-sand activity intensity as a post-evaluation risk constraint, the overall wind-sand risk within the ecologically suitable areas for PV was relatively low, with strong and extremely strong risk zones accounting for only 0.75% of the suitable area. Nevertheless, wind-sand-constrained suitable zones remain in some highly suitable regions, particularly in the Qaidam Basin and the northwestern part of the QXP.

Key words: Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, photovoltaic system deployment, ecological suitability zoning, spatial overlay analysis

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