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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 308-320.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00011

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青藏高原土壤风蚀及防风固沙服务流动模拟

宁洁(), 史明昌(), 陈春阳, 张晏维   

  1. 北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-27 修回日期:2026-01-30 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 史明昌
  • 作者简介:宁洁(2000—),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究。E-mail: NingJie0725@bjfu.edu.cn

Modeling of soil wind erosion and wind erosion control service flow in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Jie Ning(), Mingchang Shi(), Chunyang Chen, Yanwei Zhang   

  1. College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2025-10-27 Revised:2026-01-30 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Mingchang Shi

摘要:

青藏高原土壤风蚀过程对区域及全球生态环境具有重要影响。本研究基于2019—2023年多源遥感与气象数据,采用修正风蚀方程(RWEQ)模型与HYSPLIT大气扩散模型量化土壤风蚀强度并模拟防风固沙服务流动路径。结果表明:研究区潜在风蚀总量由2019年的7.326×1011 kg降至2023年的6.330×1011 kg,总体呈下降趋势;研究区实际风蚀总量2019年的3.211×1011 kg降至2023年的1.559×1011 kg,总体呈下降趋势;研究区防风固沙总量由2019年的4.115×1011 kg升至2023年的4.771×1011 kg,呈明显增加趋势。空间上,风蚀主要发生在藏北青南高原风蚀区。HYSPLIT模拟显示,2019—2023年3个代表性站点(青海湖、五道梁、帕里)的沙尘传输路径总数由1 535条减少至811条,风沙影响呈减弱趋势。

关键词: 土壤风蚀, RWEQ模型, 防风固沙服务, HYSPLIT模型, 青藏高原

Abstract:

As the world's highest-altitude ecosystem, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau plays a critical role in regional and global ecological environments through its soil wind erosion processes. This study, leveraging multi-source remote sensing and meteorological data from 2019 to 2023, employed the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model and the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model to quantify soil wind erosion intensity and simulate the transport pathways of wind erosion control service. Our results indicate that the annual potential soil loss in the study area decreased from 7.326×1011 kg in 2019 to 6.330×1011 kg in 2023, showing an overall decreasing trend. The annual actual soil loss, meanwhile, declined from 3.211×1011 kg in 2019 to 1.559×1011 kg in 2023, and also exhibited a general decline. Conversely, the annual amount of wind erosion control increased significantly, with values rising from 4.115×1011 kg in 2019 to 4.771×1011 kg in 2023. Spatially, wind erosion was predominantly concentrated in the northern Xizang and southern Qinghai plateau region. HYSPLIT trajectory simulations revealed that the total number of dust transport pathways from three representative sites (Qinghai Lake, Wudaoliang, and Pari) decreased from 1 535 in 2019 to 811 in 2023, indicating a weakening trend in wind-blown sand influence. This research elucidates the "supply-flow-benefit" pattern of ecosystem protective services on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, providing a scientific basis for regional ecological conservation and sustainable development.

Key words: soil wind erosion, RWEQ model, wind erosion control service, HYSPLIT model, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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