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中国沙漠 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1528-1533.

• 沙漠与沙漠化 • 上一篇    下一篇

腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌

张正偲, 董治宝, 钱广强, 罗万银   

  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-20 修回日期:2012-03-30 出版日期:2012-12-20 发布日期:2012-03-30

Wind Energy Environments and Aeolian Geomorphology in the Western and South-Western Tengger Desert

ZHANG Zheng-cai, DONG Zhi-bao, QIAN Guang-qiang, LUO Wan-yin   

  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2012-01-20 Revised:2012-03-30 Online:2012-12-20 Published:2012-03-30

摘要:

腾格里沙漠西部和西南部的沙漠边缘地区位于石羊河流域的下游地区,该地区生态环境脆弱,成为近年来备受关注的区域之一。利用自动气象站2009年年度风况资料和Google Earth影像,对该地区的风能环境与风沙地貌进行讨论,为评价区域风沙活动强度,风沙地貌形态特征提供依据。研究表明,腾格里沙漠西部和西南部的风况、风能环境呈自北向南逐渐变化的趋势,年平均风速西部最大,中部次之,南部最小;起沙风风向在北部以西北风和东北风为主,中部以西北风和东南风为主,而南部以西北风为主,东南风很少。研究区的北部为高风能环境,中部和南部为低风能环境。研究区的沙丘类型主要为格状沙丘,在沙漠边缘的部分地区为新月形沙丘链,南部为植被线形沙垄,其主要是由地形作用形成的,沙垄之间为新月形沙丘链。风能环境、沙源和植被共同影响沙丘的形态参数,研究区中部的风能比南部大,沙源比南部多,植被比南部少,因此,格状沙丘主梁之间的间距要比南部新月形沙垄的间距大。格状沙丘的走向近似相同,均在205°~225°之间。研究区南部有范围较大的植被线形沙垄,其间距在0.8~2.0 km之间,平均间距为1.37 km;走向为近似南北(164°~176°之间)。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 风能环境, 沙丘

Abstract:

In this paper, wind regime data of automatic weather stations and Google Earth images were used to analyze the wind energy environments and aeolian geomorphology in the western and south-western Tengger Desert, China. Results indicate that the wind regime and wind energy change from north to south. Annual average wind speed is the largest in the north part of the study region, and then in middle part, and the least in the south part. Wind energy is high in north part of the study region, but it is low in other parts. The main and secondly directions of sand-blowing wind in the north part of the study region are north-west and north-east, respectively, and the main and secondly directions of sand-blowing wind are north-west and south-east in the middle part of the study region, but in the south part of the study region the main direction of sand-blowing wind is north-west and the secondly direction of sand-blowing wind, south-east, is very less. Sand dunes are mainly reticulate dunes, barchan dunes and vegetation linear dunes in the study region. Wind energy environments, sand supply and vegetation cover determine the dune formation characteristics. In the middle part of the study region, wind energy is higher, sand supply is more sufficient and vegetation cover is lower than in the south part of the study region, so the distances between major ridges of reticulate dunes in the middle part of the study region are larger than distance between barchan dunes in the south part of the study region. In all the parts of the study region, the orientations of reticulate dunes are similar, and all are between 205° and 225°. In the south part of the study regions, there is a large area of vegetation linear dunes, and the distances between the dunes are 0.8-2.0 km with the average value of 1.37 km, and the orientations of the dunes are between 164° and 176°.

Key words: Tengger Desert, wind energy environment, sand dunes

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