腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00089

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

风沙流是一种沙粒的群体运动，是风沙物理研究的重要内容之一。开展风沙流研究，能够为风沙运动理论与工程实践提供理论支持。由于自然界风的阵性、地表湿度、下垫面属性和风程长度等影响因子的时空变化对风沙流运动的影响，以及长期野外观测的限制，对风沙流的研究目前还不是很完善。本文依据中国科学院风沙科学观测场2005—2009年的长期观测资料，采用赤池信息量准则（Akaike information criterion），对5种风沙流通量研究常用的拟合模型进行对比分析。结果表明，指数函数模型(q(z)=ae-z/b)是平坦沙地上风沙流的最佳表示方式，该模型拟合系数a值在0～600之间，但主要分布在0～100之间，占64.40%，其次为100～150之间，占18.24%；系数b值在0～0.06之间，主要分布在0.015～0.040之间，占91.21%，其中0.025～0.030占26.37%，其次为0.030～0.035，占24.40%。风沙流中的沙粒平均跃移高度与拟合系数b相同。风沙流在运动过程中，主要在高度20 cm以下传输。风沙流对地表的风蚀和堆积机率几乎是相等的。

关键词: 风沙流, 野外观测, 拟合模型, 腾格里沙漠

Abstract:

Aeolian sediment flux is one of the important issues in aeolian physics, which can provide theory information on aeolian research and aeolian engineering. Because of temporal and spatial change in aeolian sediment process and long time field observation limitations, there are some dispute in aeolian sediment flux research. Based on long time field observation data and Akaike information criterion, the best mathematical model of aeolian sediment flux was built. The exponential model q(z)=ae-z/b can be used to express aeolian sediment flux, the coefficient a was between 0 and 600, but mostly distributed between 0 and 100, occupied about 64.40% of total frequency, and then between 100 and 150, occupied about 18.24% of total frequency. The coefficient b was between 0 and 0.06, but mostly distributed between 0.015 and 0.035, occupied about 91.21% of total frequency. The average saltation height was the same as coefficient b. Aeolian sediment transported mostly at height of 0-20 cm, and the opportunity of erosion to surface and deposition over surface was almost equal.

Key words: aeolian sediment flux, field observation, fitted model, Tengger Desert

中图分类号:

P931.3

张正偲，董治宝. 腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 973-980.

ZHANG Zheng-cai, DONG Zhi-bao. Field Observation of Aeolian Sediment Flux in the Southeast Tengger Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(4): 973-980.

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