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中国沙漠 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 827-834.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00382

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于标准化降水指数的1960—2011年中国不同时间尺度干旱特征

王素萍1, 张存杰2, 李耀辉1, 冯建英1, 王劲松1   

  1. 1. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省(中国气象局)干旱气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2. 国家气候中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-08 修回日期:2013-06-24 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-05-20
  • 作者简介:王素萍(1979-),女(藏族),甘肃合作人,助理研究员,主要从事干旱气候变化及其影响研究。Email:sp_wang07ami@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB955301);国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目(GYHY201006023);甘肃省青年科技基金项目(1107RJYA015)资助

Analysis of Multi-timescale Drought Variation based on Standardized Precipitation Index in China during 1960-2011

Wang Suping1, Zhang Cunjie2, Li Yaohui1, Feng Jianying1, Wang Jinsong1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Open Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2013-05-08 Revised:2013-06-24 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-05-20
  • Contact: 张存杰(Email:zhangcj@cma.gov.cn)

摘要: 利用1960—2011年中国566个气象站逐日降水资料,采用标准化降水指数对近52年中国的干旱特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:近52年来,中国存在一条由东北向西南延伸的干旱趋势带,东北、内蒙古中东部、华北、西北地区东部以及西南地区东部趋于干旱,而西北地区西部的北疆地区、青海中部以及西藏中北部等地呈显著变湿趋势;华北地区干旱化主要是夏季趋于干旱引起的,东北和西南地区的干旱化主要是夏、秋季趋于干旱引起的,西北地区东部和长江中下游地区主要是春、秋季趋于干旱。东北地区20世纪70年代和2000年后轻旱以上日数较多,60年代干旱日数最少;华北地区和西北地区东部90年代最多,60—80年代旱日较少;西南地区东部2000年后干旱日数最多,60—70年代较少;长江中下游地区60年代和21世纪后干旱日数偏多,80年代较少。60年代,易旱区主要位于西北地区中、西部以及长江中下游部分地区;70年代,西北西部和东北地区是干旱的高发区;80年代,易旱区位于华北、黄淮、内蒙古中西部以及西南东部等地;90年代,易旱区转移到中部,西北地区东南部、华北、黄淮、江淮以及江汉等地是干旱的高发区;进入21世纪后,东北、内蒙古东部、西北地区东部、西南东部以及长江中下游的部分地区干旱高发。

关键词: 标准化降水指数, 多时间尺度, 干旱, 趋势, 年代际变化

Abstract: Based on daily precipitation data from 566 weather stations during 1960-2011, the multi-timescale variations of drought in China were analyzed by using Standardized Precipitation Index. The results showed that there existed a northeast to southwest drought belt in China in recent 52 years. The climate in Northeast China, North China, eastern Inner Mongolia, east of Northwest China and Southwest China was becoming dry. Meanwhile it became significantly wetter in Northern Xinjiang, central Qinghai and central North Tibet. The drought trend in North China mainly happened in summer, and drought in Northeast China and Southwest China occurred in summer and autumn, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the east part of Northwest it was mainly in spring and autumn. In Northeast China, the drought days in 1970s and 2000-2011 were more than other decades, and it were fewest in 1960s. In North China and the east of Northwest China, the driest decade was 1990s, and it was wetter from 1960s to 1980s. Southwest China experienced more droughts after 2000, and fewer in 1960s and 1970s. In the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, drought days were more in 1960s and after 2000, and fewer in 1980s. In 1960s, the high occurrence frequency of drought was in the west and middle of Northwest China and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. In 1970s, the drought frequently occurred in Northeast China and the west of Northwest China. In 1980s, drought events mainly took place in North China, Huanghuai Plain, the west and middle part of Inner Mongolia and east of Southwest China. In 1990s, the areas with high occurrence were transferred to the southeast of Northwest China, North China, and Huanghuai Plain, Jianghuai Plain, and Jianghan Plain. After 2000, drought frequently occurred in Northeast China, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and east part of Inner Mongolia, Northwest China and Southwest China.

Key words: standardized precipitation index, multi-timescale, drought, trends, inter-decadal variability

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