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中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 209-218.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00091

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腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙灌丛林土壤理化性质及分形维数

王文帆a,b,c(), 刘任涛a,b,c(), 郭志霞a,b,c, 冯永宏a,b,c, 蒋嘉瑜a,b,c   

  1. a.宁夏大学,农学院,宁夏 银川 750000
    b.宁夏大学,西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏 银川 750000
    c.宁夏大学,西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-08 修回日期:2020-09-03 出版日期:2021-01-29 发布日期:2021-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘任涛
  • 作者简介:刘任涛(E-mail: nxuliu2012@126.com
    王文帆(1996—),女,宁夏中卫人,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态学研究。E-mail: nxuwang@126.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41867005);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养工程项目(2018010)

Physical and chemical properties and fractal dimension distribution of soil under shrubs in the southern area of Tengger Dseart

Wenfan Wanga,b,c(), Rentao Liua,b,c(), Zhixia Guoa,b,c, Yonghong Fenga,b,c, Jiayu Jianga,b,c   

  1. a.College of Agriculture /, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,China
    b.Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China /, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,China
    c.Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,China
  • Received:2020-07-08 Revised:2020-09-03 Online:2021-01-29 Published:2021-01-29
  • Contact: Rentao Liu

摘要:

以腾格里沙漠固沙灌丛林为研究对象,选择大、中、小沙丘的迎风坡、丘顶和背风坡为研究样地,调查不同沙丘微地形土壤理化性质和土壤粒径分布的分形特征,阐明沙丘大小和微地形差异对固沙灌丛林土壤理化性质和土壤分形维数分布的影响规律。结果表明:(1)土壤含水率和全碳含量均表现为背风坡中部显著高于丘顶;土壤容重表现为迎风坡中部、丘顶和背风坡底部显著高于背风坡中部,而迎风坡底部居中;沙丘微地形对土壤pH和电导率均无显著影响。土壤容重表现为大、中沙丘显著高于小沙丘;土壤电导率表现为中、小沙丘显著高于大沙丘;沙丘大小对土壤含水率、pH和全碳分布均无显著影响。(2)土壤粉粒(2—50 μm)含量表现为迎风坡底部>背风坡底部>迎风坡中部>丘顶,而土壤极细砂(50—100 μm)含量表现为背风坡底部显著低于迎风坡中部和丘顶,土壤细砂(100—250 μm)含量表现为丘顶显著高于迎风坡底部和中部。大、中沙丘土壤颗粒组成以土壤粉粒和极细砂为主,而小沙丘则以土壤细砂为主。(3)土壤分形维数介于2.59—2.78,表现为迎风坡底部显著高于背风坡底部,其他3个微地形生境居中,而且大沙丘显著高于中沙丘,而小沙丘居中。(4)粉粒含量越高,土壤电导率和全碳含量越高;极细砂含量越高,土壤电导率越低;砂粒含量越高,全碳含量越低;土壤细砂含量越多,分形维数越大。沙丘大小、微地形对土壤理化性质及分形维数的作用效果存在较大的差异性,需要根据沙丘大小和微地形来开展人工林建设和生态效应评价。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 土壤理化性质, 分形维数, 土壤粒径分布

Abstract:

Soil physical and chemical properties and fractal dimension distribution characteristics of different dune micro topography after sand fixation and shrub forest construction in Tengger Desert. Taking sand fixing shrub forest in Tengger Desert as the research object, the windward slope, dune crest and leeward slope of large, medium and small sand dunes were selected as the research sample plots. Through investigating the fractal characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties and soil particle size distribution in different sand dune micro topography, the influence of sand dune size and micro topography difference on soil physical and chemical properties and soil fractal dimension distribution of sand fixing shrub forest was clarified. The results showed that: (1) The soil moisture content and total carbon were significantly higher in the middle of leeward slope than in the dune crest; the soil bulk density in the middle of the windward slope, the dune crest and the bottom of the leeward slope is significantly higher than that in the middle of the leeward slope, while the bottom of the windward slope is in the middle; and the micro topography of sand dune had no significant effect on soil pH and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the soil bulk density of large and medium-sized sand dunes is significantly higher than that of small-sized sand dunes; the soil electrical conductivity of medium and small-sized sand dunes is significantly higher than that of large-sized sand dunes; and the size of sand dunes has no significant impact on soil moisture content, pH and total carbon distribution. (2) The content of soil silt(2-50 μm)was as follows: the bottom of windward slope > the bottom of leeward slope > the middle of windward slope > the dune crest, the content of soil very fine sand(50-100 μm)was significantly lower at the bottom of leeward slope than at the middle of windward slope and at the dune crest, the soil fine sand(100-250 μm)is higher at the dune crest than at the bottom of the windward slope and in the middle of the windward slope. Large and medium sand dunes are mainly composed of soil silt and very fine sand, while small sand dunes are mainly composed of soil fine sand. (3) The fractal dimension of soil is between 2.59-2.78, which shows that the bottom of windward slope is significantly higher than the bottom of leeward slope, the other three micro terrain habitats are in the middle, and the large dune is significantly higher than the middle dune, while the small dune is in the middle. (4) Correlation analysis shows that the higher the content of silt, the higher the soil conductivity and total carbon content; the higher the content of very fine sand, the lower the soil conductivity; the higher the content of fine sand, the lower the total carbon content. The more the content of fine sand, the larger the fractal dimension. The results show that the effects of different dune micro topography on soil physical and chemical properties and fractal dimension are different. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out plantation construction and ecological effect evaluation according to the dune size and micro topography.

Key words: Tengger Desert, physical and chemical properties of soil, fractal dimension, soil particle size distribution

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