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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 1-8.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00132

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中国防沙治沙实践与沙漠科学发展的70 年

王涛()   

  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-10 修回日期:2022-11-02 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 作者简介:王 涛(1959—),男,上海人,理学博士,研究员,主要从事沙漠与沙漠化研究。E-mail: wangtao@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500909)

The practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science in China for 70 yearspioneering part1

Tao Wang()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2022-08-10 Revised:2022-11-02 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-01-17

摘要:

根据1958年10月“第一次全国治沙工作会议”的要求,中国科学院于1959年1月组建了治理沙漠科学考察队,旋即开展野外工作,这是至今范围最广大、专业最齐全、人员最多样、行动最集中的国家级沙漠综合考察。本文简要地回顾了1957—1958年中国科学院与苏联科学院合作组织的小规模沙漠考察的结果和经验,讨论了1959年中国科学院治沙队对主要沙漠考察的成果及其积极影响。各考察分队都以获得的科学考察和观测资料为基础,主要对沙漠戈壁的分布、成因类型、沙物质源区、风沙危害、已有治沙措施、社会经济状况和农林牧业生产进行了比较系统的分析和研究。特别讨论了沙漠科学的开拓与发展是“任务带学科”原则充分实践的典范、“国家的需要就是我们第一志愿”的信念焕发出科技人员的时代热情和奉献精神、杰出科学家们的专业选择与贡献和国际合作助力中国沙漠科学的发展。

关键词: 防沙治沙, 沙漠科学, 70年, 中国, 开拓

Abstract:

According to the requirement from the First National Conference on Combating Desert in November, 1958, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized rapidly the Scientific Investigation Team for Combating Deserts (SITCD, CAS) in the January, 1959 and carried out fieldwork soon, which was the maximal national desert comprehensive survey up to now with the widest areas, the most complete majors, the most diverse team members, and the most concentrated campaigns. This paper, as the pioneering part (1) of the practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science in China for 70 years, briefly retrospect the results and experience from a smaller scale desert survey in 1957 and 1958, which was cooperative implemented by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and talk over the achievement and positive impacts from the desert comprehensive survey of the Scientific Investigation Team for Combating Deserts, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1959. Based on the references and available data, every Investigation Team Branch for different desert and Gobi in Northern China had reported the progression of field-survey and the analysis and research mostly focused on the distribution of deserts/Gobi, different genetic types, sand material source area, hazards of sand blown, desert control measures, socioeconomic status, agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry production. We also specially discus and praise highly the followings milestone events such as (1) the pioneering and development of desert science is the practiced paragon of “task promoting subject development”, (2) “national demand is our first choice” radiated the scientist’s enthusiasm and dedication spirit during 1950s, (3) professional selection and prominent contribution of 8 distinguished scientists, and (4) the international cooperation assisted development of desert science in China.

Key words: prevention and control of aeolian desertification, desert science, 70 years, China, pioneering

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