Promoting deep coordination between culture-tourism integration and ecological resilience in the Yellow River Basin is of great practical value to stimulate the kinetic energy of cultural and tourism industry， promote the construction of ecological civilization， and accelerate the basin to a new green path of sustainable development. This study takes nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2022 as the research object， and integrates the two composite systems of culture-tourism integration and ecological resilience into the same framework. On the basis of measuring the comprehensive level of the two systems， the Haken model is used to reveal the synergistic effect of the two systems and describe their spatio-temporal evolution. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） During the study period， the level of culture-tourism integration and ecological resilience in the Yellow River Basin was significantly improved， but the level of culture-tourism integration showed a "polarization" pattern， with obvious advantages of culture-tourism integration in the downstream region and prominent ecological resilience in the upstream region. （2） The integration of culture and tourism is the order parameter that dominates the collaborative evolution of the Yellow River Basin system. The overall collaborative level of the basin has an evolutionary trend of rapid improvement - stable operation， and the regional level presents a collaborative pattern of downstream > middle reaches > upstream. （3） The number of high-quality and medium synergistic provinces in the Yellow River Basin increased steadily， and the synergistic level showed a dynamic evolutionary pattern of "gradual decline from east to west" to "central catch-up" and then to "contiguous peak". （4） The public service supply of cultural tourism industry and ecosystem is the main obstacle in the early stage， and the negative impact of pollutant emission and ecological environment governance is gradually emerging. The upstream region needs to improve the basic input and performance output of cultural tourism， while the middle and downstream regions need to focus on the lack of ecological resilience supporting factors and ecological environment issues.

The potential of carbon sequestration in typical sandy regions of China has long been overlooked，with a lack of systematic analysis over long time series and quantitative assessments of the driving mechanisms of climate change and human activities. In this study，we employed the CASA and Thornthwaite Memorial models to analyze the spatiotemporal variations in net ecosystem productivity （NEP） across typical sandy areas，including the Mu Us Sandy Land，the Hunshandake Sandy Land，the Horqin Sandy Land，the Hulun Buir Sandy Land，and the Songnen Sandy Land，from 1982 to 2024. We also explored the driving mechanisms of meteorological and human factors on the evolution of NEP. The results show that，by 2024，the average annual NEP of the typical sandy regions was 166.67 g·m^-2·a^-1，with significant spatial differentiation. The carbon sequestration capacity in the eastern regions was notably higher than in the western regions. Among these areas，the Songnen Sandy Land exhibited the strongest carbon sequestration capacity，with an annual NEP of 211.08 g·m^-2·a^-1，while the Mu Us Sandy Land had a weaker carbon sequestration capacity，with an annual NEP of only 122.68 g·m^-2·a^-1. From 1982 to 2024，the overall NEP of these regions showed a decline followed by a recovery，reaching a minimum of 130.68 g·m^-2·a^-1 in 2000 and subsequently rising to 166.67 g·m^-2·a^-1 by 2024. In terms of spatial changes，the areas with increased carbon sequestration accounted for 59.96% （10.03×10⁴ km²） of the total study area，with significant increases covering 57.79% （96 682.67 km²），primarily distributed in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land and the Songnen Sandy Land. In contrast，areas with significant decreases accounted for 35.85% （59 977.05 km²），mostly in the Mu Us Sandy Land and the Hunshandake Sandy Land. Human activities were the dominant factor contributing to the improvement of carbon sequestration，with a relative contribution rate of 49.33%. This study provides scientific evidence for carbon neutrality and ecological conservation in sandy regions.

The oasis cool island effect plays a significant role in ensuring human health， safety， and livability in oasis areas. This study focuses on four typical oases in arid regions （Aksu， Hotan， Wuwei， and Zhangye）， using Landsat imagery to retrieve land surface temperature， and validating the results with ground climate data. The analysis explores the intensity and spatiotemporal variations of the cool island effect in these oases， while investigating the impact of land cover and landscape patterns on the cool island effect by combining land cover data and landscape pattern indices. The results indicate that： （1） During 2000-2020 the oasis areas in the study region expanded， with a significant increase in the cool island area of Aksu Oasis， while the cool island area of Wuwei Oasis decreased. However， the overall cool island effect （OICE） index of all oases increased， indicating a strengthened cool island effect. （2） In all oases， cultivated land， forest land， and built-up areas expanded， while barren land decreased. The expansion of cultivated land in Aksu Oasis enhanced the cool island effect； the expansion of cultivated land in Hotan Oasis extended the cool island range； the expansion of built-up areas in Wuwei Oasis weakened the cool island effect； and the optimization of land cover structure in Zhangye Oasis enhanced the cool island effect. （3） The driving mechanisms of OCIE varied across oases. In Aksu and Hotan， OCIE was mainly driven by patch area percentage （PLAND）， with higher land cover concentration enhancing the effect. In Wuwei， OCIE was influenced by PLAND， edge density （ED）， and mean shape index （SHAPE_MN）， with ED making significant contributions in peripheral regions. In Zhangye， SHAPE_MN was the primary driver， while PLAND showed a suppressive effect.

Gansu Province， located in the arid and semi-arid transition zone of northwestern China， experiences significant spatiotemporal variations in drought that profoundly impact regional ecological security and agricultural sustainability. This study constructed a Temperature Vegetation Drought Index （TVDI） model based on Enhanced Vegetation Index （EVI） and Land Surface Temperature （LST） data from MODIS （2000-2022） to analyze the spatial patterns of drought intensity in Gansu Province over 23 years. The Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall （M-K） significance test were employed to examine drought evolution characteristics. The Hurst index combined with Sen trend analysis was used to predict future drought trends， and the Geodetector model was applied to explore the driving mechanisms of drought. The results indicate that： （1） The annual average TVDI value in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2022 was 0.57， indicating a mild drought level， with drought-affected areas accounting for 82.18% of the total area； （2） The annual TVDI decline rate was 0.0005， with significant drought alleviation observed in the eastern foothills of the Qilian Mountains， the Gannan Plateau， and the Longdong region； （3） The Hurst index combined with Sen trend analysis predicts that 61.4% of the study area will transition to a wetter state in the future， showing significant anti-persistence characteristics； （4） The Geodetector model reveals that elevation and temperature are the dominant factors driving drought， and their interaction significantly enhances explanatory power. These findings provide a scientific basis for drought risk early warning and ecological adaptive management in Gansu Province.

The construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as its core is a major breakthrough in the institutional system of ecological civilization， and a key area for promoting the construction of a beautiful China and realizing the modernization of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature. Qilian Mountain National Park is in the early stage of development， and it is necessary to refer to the international experience and combine with the construction practice， to further inspire the working idea and strengthen the management policy and legal system construction， and constantly improve the construction and development path. Through comparative research， literature checking， policy and law analysis and other methods and means， the research is carried out from the aspects of practice and research progress of national parks， management system and law， existing problems. The suggestions are put forward， such as optimizing the management mode， perfecting the coordinating mechanism， improving the law and regulation system， and strengthening the scientific and technological support and safeguard measures.

To investigate the distribution characteristics and driving factors of Tenebrionidae communities along the margin of Badain Jaran Desert， we conducted field surveys in July 2023， May 2024， and July 2024 using active collection methods including beat-sheet sampling， sieving， and manual gathering. Geographic statistical analysis software and the Kriging spatial interpolation method were utilized to examine the distribution patterns of Tenebrionidae communities and analyze the driving factors behind these patterns. The results showed that： A total of 15 664 adult Tenebrionidae specimens belonging to 70 species across 17 genera were collected. Significant differences in community composition were observed between desert and gobi habitats. Tenebrionidae communities in gobi habitats exhibited the highest biodiversity， while those in desert environments showed the lowest. Distinct gradient differences in Tenebrionidae community distribution patterns across the desert margin， with relatively simple distribution patterns in northern regions. Temperature as the primary driving factor influencing Tenebrionidae community distribution patterns at the desert edge.

Ecological sensitivity is a critical indicator for evaluating the response and self-regulation capacity of ecosystems under external disturbances. It plays an essential role in ecological redline delineation， spatial planning， and the construction of regional ecological security patterns. This study takes Qingyang City， a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau， as the research area. Based on multi-period remote sensing and land use data from 2000 to 2020， four key ecological indicators—elevation， aspect， NDVI， and land use type—were selected to build an ecological sensitivity evaluation system. The Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） was employed to determine index weights， and GIS-based overlay analysis was used to map spatial distribution patterns of ecological sensitivity and explore their coupling mechanisms with land use and vegetation cover changes. The results show that： （1） Land use in Qingyang has significantly improved over the past two decades， with continuous expansion of forest and grassland and a notable reduction in unused land.（2） NDVI exhibited a trend of “low values increasing and high values remaining stable，” indicating significant vegetation restoration driven by ecological projects.（3） Ecological sensitivity displayed clear spatial differentiation， with lower sensitivity in the northwest and central areas and higher sensitivity in the southeast. Medium and high sensitivity zones dominated the region， while highly sensitive zones were mainly distributed in key ecological barrier areas such as the Ziwuling forest and the headwaters of the Jing River. This study provides a practical and replicable approach for ecological sensitivity evaluation in loess hill and gully regions， offering scientific support for ecological zoning， land management， and environmental policy development.

Based on the study of a newly constructed photovoltaic power station（PPS） located in the middle of the Sugan Lake Basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as the study area， this paper analyzed the impact of the PPS on the aeolian sand environment by synchronously installing automatic meteorological stations and eight-directional sand traps inside and outside the PPS for comparative aeolian sand observations. The results show that the PPS significantly weakens wind-sand dynamics and exerts a distinct directional effect. The average wind speed， sand-lifting wind frequency， and maximum possible sand transport rate have all significantly decreased， with reduction rates of 48.50%， 57.69%， and 84.01%， respectively. The overall wind direction， sand-drifting wind direction， and synthetic sand transport direction have all tended toward the longitudinal axis of the photovoltaic panels. However， construction disturbance led to increased sand sources within the PPS and altered obstacles for sand transport， resulting in a measured sand transport rate inside the PPS 9.61 times higher than outside. Therefore， soil-water conservation measures should be prioritized during gobi PPS construction， with original ground surfaces restored promptly post-construction. Necessary sand-fixing measures must be implemented to reduce internal sand transport and avoid creating new regional sand sources. Assessments of wind-sand environments for gobi PPS should emphasize field-measured sand transport data， as theoretical evaluations relying solely on meteorological data may substantially deviate from actual conditions.

Exploring the coupling and coordination between tourism， ecology， and public services is of great significance for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. This study constructs an evaluation index system and utilizes coupling coordination models， kernel density estimation， Markov chain models， and the XGboost model to examine the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of their coordinated evolution. The results show that：（1）Tourism shows a pattern of sustained growth followed by a brief decline over time， while spatially it exhibits a "high-high aggregation， low-low aggregation" feature. Ecology has demonstrated a stable growth trend from 2008 to 2022， with a spatial pattern of "economically developed cities leading the way". Public services have experienced a wave-like upward trend， with significant regional differences.（2）The coupling coordination level of the three systems has undergone a growth-decline process over time. Spatially， the coordination level follows the order of downstream > midstream > upstream， with significant regional differences and a "club convergence" phenomenon.（3）There is a clear non-linear relationship between the coupling coordination level and influencing factors. Human capital and technological innovation are the primary influencing factors. Economic development， industrial structure， human capital， environmental regulation， financial development， and technological innovation all have a positive impact on the coordinated development of the three systems. Government intervention has a negative impact， while foreign direct investment has a relatively small effect on the coordinated development of the three systems.

To investigate the seasonal dynamics of evapotranspiration fraction （EF） in typical vegetation types and its response mechanisms to soil moisture and meteorological factors in arid and semi-arid regions， this study utilized long-term observational data from 24 FLUXNET sites representing four vegetation types （woody savanna， savanna， open shrubland， and grassland）. Classical statistical methods were employed to quantify EF characteristics and its influencing factors， while threshold regression models combined with the Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） were applied to identify soil moisture thresholds and optimal fitting models. The results demonstrated that the monthly mean EF in arid and semi-arid regions was 0.31， with the highest value observed in woody savanna （0.36） and the lowest in open shrubland （0.21）， indicating energy partitioning dominated by sensible heat flux. EF exhibited pronounced seasonal variability， with open shrubland showing the strongest fluctuations （Cv = 0.37）. Soil moisture emerged as the key regulatory factor for EF （r = 0.66， P < 0.05）， with nonlinear threshold effects： the response patterns of EF to soil moisture diverged significantly before and after critical thresholds （4.73%-15.98%）， and the "stepwise segmented" model was consistently identified as the optimal fitting model.

Understanding the spatiotemporal compatibility among tourism resources， tourism economy， and tourism network attention is essential for promoting high-quality tourism development. This study examines 69 cities （prefectures and leagues） in the Yellow River Basin constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system， integrates multi-source data， and applies a compatibility model， exploratory spatial data analysis， and geo-detector methods to examine the spatiotemporal patterns， and driving mechanisms of compatibility among tourism resources， the tourism economy， and tourism network attention from 2011 to 2023. The results show that from 2011 to 2023， tourism resource endowment and network attention exhibited fluctuating upward trend， while tourism economic development fluctuated downward trend， with notable regional disparities. Areas with high tourism resource endowment evolved from "isolated island" to "clustered zones". While the tourism economy consistently displayed a multi-center and fragmented structure， tourism network attention followed a consistent east-high， west-low pattern， with levels decreasing from midstream to downstream and upstream. Overall compatibility among the three factors increased， forming an inverted "T"-shaped distribution pattern， characterized by higher values in the east and lower values in the west， with a tendency toward clustered development. Spatial agglomeration of compatibility weakened， revealing a "hot in the east， cold in the west" distribution pattern. General public budget expenditure， total import and export， R&D expenditure as a proportion of GDP， annual average PM_2.5 concentration， nighttime light intensity and percentage of vegetation cover are the key drivers of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in compatibility. Two-factors interaction was significant， mostly exhibiting an enhancing effect. This study helps identify the "tourism resource curse" phenomenon， offers theoretical support and policy recommendations for high-quality tourism development in the Yellow River Basin.

The current status of medicinal plant resources in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province was grasped with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of local traditional Chinese medicine resources. A combination of field sample lines and sample plots was adopted to investigate and count the species of medicinal plant resources in the Qaidam Basin. There are 162 species of medicinal plants in 108 genera and 40 families in the Qaidam Basin， the life type is mainly herbaceous， the medicinal parts are mainly herbaceous， the medicinal plants show the characteristics of the northern temperate zone and are intermixed with the multi-faceted zones， there are 9 species of key medicinal plants， there are 21 species of rare and endangered wild medicinal plants， and Cistanches salinaris is a new record in the region.

As crucial geographical units within the underlying surface of arid and semi-arid regions， deserts are highly sensitive to climate change and human activities. Timely understanding of the characteristics of large-scale， long-term landscape pattern evolution in desert areas is of significant scientific importance for regional ecological restoration and sustainable development. Using Landsat series satellite imagery from 1980 to 2024 as the data source， various landscape information was extracted via deep learning methods. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of desert landscapes over the past 45 years were then systematically analyzed using landscape pattern indices. The study reveals that： （1） The landscape pattern in desert regions exhibited phased evolutionary characteristics. From 1980 to 2000， it was a relatively stable period. The period 2000-2010 marked a phase of significant change， with 14 100.03 km² of grassland landscapes converting to sandy land. Conversely， 2010-2024 was a sandy land recovery period， during which the area of sandy land began to decrease， and 2 138.30 km² of sandy land landscapes gradually converted back to grassland landscapes. （2） Spatially， a distinct differentiation pattern was observed， characterized by natural degradation dominating in the west and significant human disturbance in the east. Sandy land landscapes were highly concentrated in western deserts like the Taklamakan Desert， where they constituted 69.5% of the area with a variation amplitude of less than 0.5%. Conversely， eastern sandy lands （e.g.， Horqin， Mu Us Sandy Land） showed a diverse mosaic of human activity landscapes. （3） Landscape pattern indices revealed that sandy land expansion proceeded in a concentrated and continuous pattern （patch cohesion >99.1%）， while grassland degradation showed characteristics of internal fragmentation （patch cohesion decreased by 0.18）. Overall， desert regions experienced an evolutionary process from stability to homogeneous aggregation （Shannon Diversity Index decreased from 0.8475 to 0.8084）， subsequently adjusting towards increased complexity. This research provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological engineering projects and optimizing differentiated prevention and control strategies.

Yardang landform is one of the most widely distributed aeolian landforms on Mars， which contains abundant information about the Martian environment and the evolution history of the Martian surface. This study identifies and systematically analyzes the morphological characteristics of the global yardang landforms on Mars， and explores the Martian environmental information and geomorphological significance contained in the Martian yardangs by HiRISE images， CTX images， and other multi-source remote sensing images. The results show that the Martian yardang types are complex and diverse. By using the morphological classification methods and considering the morphological details， 17 types of yardangs on Mars are identified， among which bidirectional yardangs and V-shaped yardangs are rarely found on Earth. The probability cumulative curves of the morphological parameters of the yardangs on Mars all exhibit breakpoints and turning points， indicating that there are different group characteristics in the morphological parameters of the yardangs， and there is a significant difference in the scale of the yardangs. Although there is a certain correlation between the morphological parameters of the Mars yardang， this correlation differs from that of yardangs on Earth， indicating that there may be multiple evolution modes of the Martian yardang. The overall size of the Martian yadangs is larger than that of the Earth， but the length-width ratio of the Yardangs on Mars is similar to that of the Earth， indicating that the length-width ratio of a specific type of yardang is consistent regardless of changes in length and width. The length-to-width ratio of Martian yardangs are mainly less than 2∶1 and greater than 6∶1， indicating that Martian yardangs may not be in the mature stage of development.

As photosynthetic prokaryotes and the oldest oxygen-producing organisms on Earth， cyanobaceria play vital rolse as primary producers in the carbon and nitrogen cycles of ecosystems. The motility of cyanobacteria is closely linked to their remarkable adaptability. This article comprehensively reviewed research advances in the gliding motility of terrestrial cyanobacteria and key influencing factors of this process. The review integrated findings made on the migrational responses of cyanobacteria to diverse environmental factors， including water availability， light， circadian rhythms， gas concentrations， salinity， and nutrient levels. The gliding motility of cyanobacteria relies on the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances， which not only provide physical support but can also modulate the speed and direction of the gliding movement through its thickness and composition. Cyanobacteria can sense environmental cues such as light， moisture， and salinity， and respond via gliding. Factors like dissolved gas concentrations， nutrient availability， and circadian rhythms have been shown to also be able to influence the gliding behavior. Current research on the drivers of terrestrial cyanobacterial gliding faces challenges， technically， choices of in situ visualization techniques are limited； also the microenvironmental regulatory processes， as well as the underlaying molecular mechanisms are still not yet fully elucidated. Future studies should strive to deepen the understading of the ecological functions cyanobacterial gliding， reveal the underlaying molecular regulatory mechanisms， and clarify the mechanistic role of signal transduction pathways in regulating gliding behavior. We recommend adopting integrated molecular biology and genetic approaches to systematically identify key genes and protein interaction networks driving gliding motility， while deciphering the integrated regulatory mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of multiple environmental factors. Such efforts will establish both theoretical paradigms and technical foundations for revealing microbial environmental adaptation strategies.

This study examines 63 cities in the Yellow River Basin and constructs an ecological tourism development evaluation system encompassing four major dimensions： ecological environment， supply capacity， supporting conditions， and development potential. Using entropy method， standard deviation ellipse， kernel density estimation， and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis （fsQCA）， we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics， spatial differentiation patterns， and configurational development pathways of ecological tourism in the Yellow River Basin. The results reveal that： （1） Ecological tourism development in the Yellow River Basin exhibits significant characteristics of overall improvement with structural optimization， with spatial distribution patterns showing downstream regions leading， midstream regions following， and upstream regions catching up， alongside polarization effects centered on provincial capitals and regional hub cities. （2） The spatial centroid of ecological tourism development has remained consistently located in Linfen， Shanxi Province， with spatial morphology displaying a northwest-southeast elongated distribution. The kernel density curves show slight rightward shifts with distinct bimodal characteristics， reflecting the coexistence of systematic improvement and spatial polarization in ecological tourism development. （3） Ecological tourism development demonstrates systematic and comprehensive characteristics without any single necessary condition. Ten configurational pathways were systematically identified and categorized into four development types： comprehensive coordination-oriented， resource endowment-oriented， market demand-oriented， and industrial investment-oriented.

The Ejin Oasis， situated in the lower reaches of the Heihe River along the China-Mongolia border， experiences ecological restoration/degradation that is directly influenced by land use. However， the impact of ecological water diversion projects on land use remains unclear. Based on remote sensing image data， spatial information technology and statistical methods were used to investigate the patterns and processes of land use/cover changes before （1980-2000） and after （2000-2020） the implementation of ecological water diversion projects， as well as their effects on desertification processes. The results indicated that the structure and composition of land use and cover in the Ejin Oasis were stable， with desert， grassland， woodland， water， cropland， and construction lands accounting for 79.77%， 17.55%， 1.48%， 0.76%， 0.18%， and 0.26% of the total area in 2020， respectively. Moreover， frequent and large-scale transfers occurred between grassland and desert， and the process of land desertification was centered on changes in water sources. Before 2000， grassland， woodland， and water were converted into desert， resulting in oasis desertification， which intensified from 1990 to 2000. After 2000， the process was exactly the opposite， with the greening of the desert oasis. Furthermore， the ecological water diversion projects also facilitated socio-economic development， characterized by a thriving agriculture and tourism industry. This was evident in the rapid increase of cropland and construction lands. The cropland was expanded by 55.36% from 2000 to 2010， remaining stable thereafter. Likewise， the construction land surged by 142.11% from 2000 to 2010 and 186.96% from 2010 to 2020. The findings provide scientific references for regional water resource allocation and ecological environmental protection.

Quantitatively evaluating the impacts of climate change and human activities on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle is crucial for sustainable natural resource utilization. Using MODIS time series data， meteorological data， and land use data， we employed the CASA model to estimate the net primary productivity （NPP） of vegetation in the Mu Us Sandy Land from 2001 to 2020. Through trend analysis， correlation analysis， and residual analysis， we examined the spatiotemporal variations in vegetation NPP and identified their driving mechanisms. We also quantitatively assessed the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP. Our findings indicate that： （1） From 2001 to 2020， the overall NPP of vegetation in the Mu Us Sandy Land increased at a rate of 3 gC·m⁻²·a⁻¹， showing a spatial trend of increasing from northwest to southeast. （2） Correlation analysis revealed that vegetation NPP in the northern region is more sensitive to temperature changes， whereas in the southern region， NPP is more sensitive to precipitation changes. （3） The variations in vegetation NPP （Net Primary Productivity） in the Mu Us Sandy Land are primarily driven by climate change and human activities， with average contributions of 35.38% and 64.62%， respectively. Climate warming and humidification have promoted vegetation growth， while human activities， though limited in spatial extent， contribute over 60% in 30.75% of the area. The implementation of ecological protection measures has further accelerated vegetation recovery. （4） Looking ahead， 55.05% of the areas exhibit non-persistent trends in vegetation NPP， with 38.95% of the areas showing a shift from increase to decrease， highlighting significant uncertainty in future NPP changes.

The typical sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone in the middle reaches of the Heihe River， such as Haloxylon ammodendron， Calligonum mongolicum， and Nitraria sphaerocarpa， are able to effectively reduce the intensity of wind-sand activities and mitigate the threat of desertification to the oasis， and play an important role in the maintenance of the security and stabilization of the ecological system of the oasis. They play an important role in maintaining the security and stability of oasis ecosystems. In this paper， we use Fluent software to numerically simulate the wind speed characteristics and sand accumulation characteristics around H. ammodendron， C. mongolicum， and N. sphaerocarpa， and validate them by using field test observation data. The results show that： （1）The flow field around a single plant can be categorized into a blocked deceleration zone， an acceleration zone， a static wind zone， and a recovery zone， and there are two vortex zones near the ground on the leeward side of the plant， with vortex Ⅰ being the main sand accumulation zone. （2） The optimal protection heights of H. ammodendron， C. mongolicum， and N. sphaerocarpa at 1H on the leeward side are 1.2-1.5 m， 1.2-1.4 m and 0.1-1.0 m， respectively. （3）There are differences in the wind protection effect of the three plants in different altitude layers， with the wind protection effect in the near-surface layer in the order of N. sphaerocarpa>C. mongolicum>H. ammodendron； and in the middle and high altitude layers， it is H. ammodendron >C. mongolicum>N. sphaerocarpa. （4）The sand-blocking ability of the three plant species is shown as N. sphaerocarpa > H. ammodendron > C. mongolicum. Comprehensive three kinds of plants windproof sand effect performance， in the practical application of wind erosion control， it is recommended to use shuttle， sand date and bubble thorn mixed configuration， in order to play bubble thorn sand fixation， while using shuttle and sand date in the middle and high altitude layer of the windproof advantages.

In order to explore the importance of the complete structure of the forest belt on the windward side of the windbreak and sand-fixing forest to the law of wind-sand activity， this study used the wind tunnel test to analyze the windbreak effect， sand transport rate， sand fixation effect and sand accumulation form of the structurally complete forest belt and the structurally incomplete forest belt （discrete type missing 1-5 plants， continuous type missing 3/2H-7/2H， broken belt 1/2H-5/2H） under the wind speed of 12 m·s^-1. The results showed that： （1） With the weakening of the structural integrity of the forest belt， the windbreak effect and sand fixation effect of the forest belt decreased， while the wind erosion amount and wind erosion range increased. When the number of missing trees ≥5， the distance of missing trees ≥3H， and the distance of broken belts ≥3/2H， the windbreak effect <25% （H is the height of the plant model）， the sand fixation effect is weakened by 107.42%-291.48%， and the wind erosion amount is increased by more than 200% compared with the complete forest belt， and the wind erosion range accounts for more than 50%. The interception effect of the forest belt on wind-sand activity is weakened and the wind erosion effect on the windward forest belt is increased. That is to say， the proportion of missing plants in the windward side of the field is ≥25%， the distance of missing plants is ≥6 m， and the distance of broken belts is ≥3 m. Timely replanting and reinforcement measures should be taken.

The deep integration of beautiful-harmonious villages， with the ecological characteristics and advantages of rural tourism resources， has become an important lever for promoting the protection and high-quality development of rural ecological resources in the Yellow River Basin. Taking the cities where 45 national key tourism towns in the Yellow River Basin are located as examples， this study employs the Haken model to measure the level of coordinated development between beautiful-harmonious village and rural tourism from 2012 to 2023. Furthermore， it explores the linear evolution law of their coordinated development using a Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical model. Based on this， qualitative comparative analysis is applied to identify optimal paths for promoting their coordinated development in different stages. The results show that： （1） The development and evolution of beautiful-harmonious village and rural tourism have undergone a transition from being externally policy-driven to being market-driven in the Yellow River Basin， which can be divided into two major stages： the initial stage of germination and the comprehensive promotion stage. （2） From 2012 to 2017， rural tourism served as the order parameter. From 2018 to 2023， the beautiful-harmonious village emerged as the order parameter， playing a leading role in synergy， and the overall level of synergy increased significantly. （3） There is no positive correlation between the coordinated development level of cities and their linear evolution speed. For example， upstream cities with lower coordination levels exhibit a latecomer advantage in their linear evolution speed， while downstream cities with higher development levels show a slowdown in their linear evolution speed. （4） According to path recognition， the optimization of the coordinated development path between beautiful-harmonious village and rural tourism can be summarized into five types： the joint drive of political governance and market demand， the joint drive of political governance and ecological environment under the pressure of market demand， the filling of other elements under the background of political governance deficiency， the filling of political governance under the background of market demand deficiency， and the dynamic optimization of internal and external environment dual drive.

Online attention not only reflects the recognition and appeal of tourist destinations in digital space but also serves as a significant indicator of their market preference in actual tourism. This study incorporates online attention into ecotourism research， employing methodologies including time intensity index， geographical concentration， Herfindahl index， inverse distance weighted interpolation， and panel vector autoregression model to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution characteristics and influencing factors of ecotourism online attention in provinces of the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2023. The findings reveal that： （1） The online attention to ecotourism in the Yellow River Basin demonstrated an overall upward trend with fluctuations during the study period， characterized by three distinct phases： rapid growth， adjustment with fluctuations， and steady recovery， exhibiting bimodal seasonal patterns throughout the year. （2） The spatial distribution of ecotourism online attention evolved from relative concentration to progressive equilibrium， forming a composite pattern characterized by north-south differentiation and multi-nuclear agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin. （3） The spatiotemporal variations in ecotourism online attention in the Yellow River Basin result from multiple factors， with transport accessibility and digitalization level demonstrating substantial explanatory significance for spatial differentiation.

Exploring the dynamic changes and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service functions can provide scientific references for the implementation of regional ecosystem protection and restoration. A large number of studies have described the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services within a single scale in a region， but research on the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services at multiple scales and the differences in the impacts among multiple ecosystem services is still lacking. This paper takes the ecological conservation area of western Beijing as the research object， uses four periods of remote sensing data from 2000， 2010， 2020， and 2023， and quantifies four major ecosystem service functions， including water yield， carbon storage， soil retention， and habitat quality， using models such as InVEST. The Geographically Weighted Regression model and the Optimal Geodetector model are used to analyze the trade-offs and synergies at different scales. The results show that： （1） From 2000 to 2023， the habitat quality in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing remained basically unchanged， while water yield and soil retention increased by 2.96×10⁸ m³ and 1.69×10⁸ t respectively， and carbon storage decreased by 3×10⁶ t. The areas with the most significant reduction mainly involved Xiaoyunling Township， Liangzhuang Township， and Douzhen Town in Fangshan District. Spatially， the high-value areas of ecosystem services were mainly distributed in the northern and northwestern parts of the study area， while the low-value areas were mainly located in the southeastern part. （2） Overall， the ecosystem services in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing were mainly synergistic； spatially， the area of synergy between each service was greater than the area of trade-off， and the area of trade-off decreased continuously with the expansion of the scale. （3） Elevation and evapotranspiration were the main factors affecting the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in the study area， and the interaction between each factor and elevation and annual average evapotranspiration showed strong explanatory power. The research results reveal the spatio-temporal evolution trend of the ecosystem service supply capacity in the ecological conservation area of western Beijing， as well as the degree of trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services at different scales， providing a scientific basis for the ecological protection and restoration of the ecological conservation area of western Beijing.

We aim to clarify the biomass distribution， carbon sink function， and response mechanisms to environmental factors of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas with different climates， thereby facilitating the assessment of carbon sink function and adaptive zoning management in desert ecosystems. This study focused on Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the Minqin desert area and the Hangjin Banner desert area. Through quantitative analysis of their morphological parameters， biomass and carbon storage characteristics， and correlation analysis between indicators， we aim to elucidate the key factors influencing biomass and carbon storage of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas with different climates. The results showed that： （1）The morphological characteristics， plant features and biomass of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the desert area of Hangjin Banner were significantly higher than those in the Minqin desert area （P<0.05）. （2）The soil moisture content， soil organic carbon and carbon storage of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the desert area of Hangjin Banner are 8.11 times， 2.45 times， and 8.53 times higher than those in the Minqin desert area， respectively （P<0.05）， indicating that Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the desert area of Hangjinqi have much higher carbon storage than those in the Minqin desert area. （3）The optimal fitting models for the height， bottom area， and volume of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas with different component biomass were linear and exponential functions， with R² values ranging from 0.42 to 0.93. The optimal fitting curves of soil carbon content and carbon storage with different component biomass were linear functions， with R² values ranging from 0.86 to 0.95. （4） Redundancy analysis revealed that soil organic carbon （SOC） and sand dune height （H） were key factors affecting the biomass and soil carbon storage of Nitraria tangutorum shrubs in the Minqin desert area； The volume （V） of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas was a key factor affecting the biomass and soil carbon storage of Nitraria tangutorum shrubs in the desert area of Hangjin Banner. The results of this study indicated that Nitraria tangutorum shrubs played an important role in carbon sequestration in arid regions， and their carbon accumulation capacity is significantly influenced by environmental factors in climatic zones. In the future， ecological restoration and management strategies should be combined with regional climate characteristics to enhance the carbon sink potential of desert ecosystems.

Nebkhas are discrete mounds vegetated with burial-tolerant desert plants that trap windborne sediment within their canopies. They are widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid desert areas， agro-pastoral ecotone zones， desert steppes and the edges of desert oases in the northwest of China. And they also play significant roles in desertification control and biodiversity protection of arid regions. The Linze Inland River Basin Research Station /Gansu Linze National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Farmland Ecosystem （hereinafter referred to as the Linze Station） established in 1975 and affiliated with the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources， Chinese Academy of Sciences， serves as a key base for eco-hydrological research in China's inland river basins. It is also one of the earlier institutions to conduct research on nebkhas. On the occasion of its 50th anniversary， this paper systematically reviews domestic and international studies on nebkhas， integrating major progress made by the Linze Station research team over the past decade. It comprehensively examines the development process and driving mechanisms of nebkhas from perspectives such as formation and evolution， spatial patterns， ecological functions， and conservation techniques. Through this review， we aim to deepen the understanding of the evolutionary processes and driving mechanisms of nebkhas， provide insights for their conservation， and offer theoretical support for desertification control and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions.

The grazing prohibition policy is pivotal for the restoration of grassland ecology. A profound comprehension of the responses of farmers and herders to this policy is of utmost significance for its effective implementation and adjustment. This study centers on the areas surrounding Taratan in Gonghe County， a typical region where grazing prohibition efforts were initiated relatively early. Employing on-site visits and questionnaire surveys， an in-depth investigation and statistical analysis were carried out regarding the local farmers' and herders' awareness of the grazing prohibition policy， their production behaviors， and livelihood alterations. The findings reveal that the majority of farmers and herders express relatively high satisfaction with the grazing prohibition policy. To adapt to this policy， they predominantly adopt stall-feeding as a substitute for grazing. An increasing number of local inhabitants are choosing to seek non-agricultural and non-pastoral employment outside their hometowns， leading to a growing proportion of migrant workers. However， certain individuals with lower adaptability， such as middle-aged and elderly people， still harbor doubts about the grazing prohibition policy. In addition， the northern part of Taratan is less impacted by the grazing prohibition compared to the eastern and western regions. Based on these results， it is recommended to moderately enhance the grazing prohibition subsidy， with particular attention paid to families facing difficulties in accessing livelihood resources. Moreover， it is proposed to further strengthen the classified management of different types of grasslands to avoid the "one - size - fits - all" approach of the grazing prohibition policy. Additionally， it is advisable to further increase investment in local artificial forage projects， thereby resolving the local forage shortage problem and partially alleviating the employment issue.

The geochemical element characteristics of the sediments record rich regional environmental changes， which have important significance for material sources and sedimentary environment. In this paper， the geochemical element composition of surface sediments in the surrounding area of Badain Jaran Desert were analyzed to reveal the characteristics of sedimentary environment and chemical weathering degree. The results showed that SiO₂ was the main major element， and Ba， Zr， Sr and Co were the main trace elements in the surface sediments of the Badain Jaran Desert. Compared with the average chemical element composition of the upper continental crust， the major elements SiO₂ and trace elements Co， As and Ce in the study area were enriched， while other elements were locally enriched or completely depleted to varying degrees. The correlation of major element oxides showed that SiO₂ affected the chemical composition and properties of sediments. The degree of chemical weathering of sediments in the surrounding areas of Badain Jaran Desert was generally low， and it was in the early stage of continental weathering. The influence factors of different chemical weathering indexes were different. The CIA index showed that there were significant differences in the degree of chemical weathering among regions. The provenance of the surrounding area of Badain Jaran Desert was similar， but it was also affected by the surrounding landform and local climate change during the long-term weathering process.

The emerging aeolian sediment in Gonghe Basin can well record the evolution information of Asian monsoon and westerly circulation， which is a good carrier for studying paleoclimate environment. In this paper， the grain size data of aeolian sediment 512 cm thick in the Mangla profile of Gonghe Basin were analyzed by parametric end members. Combined with the grain size sensitivity index and chroma index， the characteristics of material sources and environmental significance of each end member and environmental evolution of Gonghe Basin since the last glacial maximum were explained， and the synergy with monsoon circulation system was further analyzed. The results indicate that： The grain size components of the sediments in the profile can be decomposed into three end members， EM1 is the distant dust material transported by the upper westerly wind of wet deposition， which indirectly reflects the regional dry and wet. EM2 is the meso-distant fine sediment transported in the form of suspension and saltation under the action of low-level wind system， and EM3 is the near-source coarse sediment transported in the form of creep or saltation， which indicates the strength of regional winter monsoon. Regional environmental evolution can be divided into three stages： Last glacial maximum （22.27-17.59 ka BP）， the climate was cold and dry， controlled by westerly circulation； Last deglaciation period （17.59-10 ka BP）， the climate was cold and moist， with cold and warm fluctuations， and there may be controlled by alternating summer monsoon and westerly circulation； Middle and late Holocene （8.49 ka BP to present）， the climate changed from warm and moist to cold and dry， and the summer monsoon and westerly circulation were complementary.

This study investigates the effects of artificially inoculated composite algal solutions on the growth of Biological Soil Crusts （BSC） and soil properties in engineering-disturbed areas of the Hexi Corridor. In Gulang， Gansu Province， five types of disturbed surfaces （S） were simulated， and composite algal solutions （Treatments， T） were applied to observe changes in BSC growth and soil nutrients under different disturbed surfaces and treatments. The results show that BSC grew well on all disturbed surfaces， with no significant wind erosion observed. The disturbed surface （S） had a highly significant impact on BSC growth， soil nutrients， and soil enzyme activity （P<0.001）. Although the treatment （T） did not show an immediate effect on BSC growth， over time， the biomass and thickness of BSC， as well as soil nutrients and soil phosphatase activity， significantly increased across all disturbed surfaces （P<0.05， 2 years）. The north-facing slope of the filled embankment exhibited the fastest BSC growth rate （1.629 µg Chl a·g⁻¹， 2 years）， with a 439.4% increase in BSC biomass compared to the initial three months. The BSC thickness， soil enzyme activity， available phosphorus， and potassium content were significantly higher on this slope than on other disturbed surfaces （P<0.05）. The composite algal solution effectively induced BSC formation， significantly increasing soil hardness， BSC biomass， alkaline phosphatase activity， and soil nutrients （P<0.05）. A new sand-fixing method combining algal solutions， microbial agents， and Artemisia sphaerocephala gum can be used for rapid BSC restoration after engineering disturbances. The type of disturbed surface significantly influences the development of artificial BSC， with north-facing slopes being more conducive to BSC colonization and growth.

Precipitation is a key factor governing the spatial differentiation of vegetation and plant community dynamics in arid regions. This study was conducted in the Qaidam Basin， where typical desert sites along three mean annual precipitation gradients （200-300 mm， 100-200 mm， and 50-100 mm） were selected to investigate plant community composition， spatial patterns， and soil physicochemical properties， and to explore their relationships with precipitation. Vegetation composition and spatial structure were quantified through field quadrat surveys combined with UAV-based imagery， and their associations with environmental factors were examined using diversity indices， landscape metrics， Mantel tests， and correlation analyses. The results showed that， with decreasing precipitation， the proportion of herbaceous species declined markedly， and plant communities in the 50-100 mm precipitation zone became dominated by a single shrub life form. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly higher in the 200-300 mm zone （1.14±0.32） than in the 100-200 mm （0.93±0.74） and 50-100 mm （0.36±0.40） zones， whereas Evenness and Margalef richness indices did not differ significantly among precipitation gradients （P>0.05）. Vegetation cover decreased significantly with declining precipitation， with mean values of 11.15%， 6.37%， and 1.81% for the three gradients， respectively， accompanied by a shift in spatial pattern from relatively continuous to sparse and fragmented. Soil nutrient levels were generally low and showed no significant differences among precipitation zones. Total nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer was highest in the 200-300 mm zone （0.05 g·kg⁻¹）， while total phosphorus and total potassium reached their highest values in the 100-200 mm zone （0.60 and 17.97 g·kg⁻¹， respectively）. Soil pH ranged from 7.05 to 8.26 across all sites. Mantel analysis indicated that vegetation metrics were significantly correlated with environmental factors as a whole （P<0.01）， with groundwater depth showing the strongest association， whereas overall correlations between soil properties and vegetation indicators were not significant （P>0.05）. These results demonstrate that vegetation composition and spatial patterns in the Qaidam Basin deserts are primarily controlled by water availability， while the influence of soil nutrients is relatively weak. The findings provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological management in high-altitude arid desert regions.

The cultural tourism industry， as a pillar industry to promote the construction of the Yellow River Cultural Tourism Belt， provides driving support for the implementation of major regional strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. By measuring the development level of cultural tourism industry in 57 municipal units in the Yellow River Basin， this study explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and formation mechanism of the spatial correlation network of the Yellow River cultural tourism belt from 2008 to 2023 using the modified gravity model and social network analysis method. The results indicate that： （1） There are significant differences in the development level of cultural tourism industry in cities along the Yellow River， forming a "Matthew effect" pattern of sustained strengthening in high-level areas and weak growth in low-level areas. （2） The network pattern shows a periodic evolution pattern， with strong connections between provincial capitals and surrounding cities， weak inter provincial connections， and limited overall external radiation capabilities. （3） The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River exhibit a partially interactive development model of "core leadership， radiation driven"， while the lower reaches exhibit a direct transmission development model of "close internal connections and weak external connections". （4） The spatial correlation network of the Yellow River Cultural Tourism Belt is influenced by supply and demand coordination， industrial cooperation， and intra city transmission mechanisms， with intra city transmission being the most significant.

The area of desert steppe occupies 51.4% of total steppe regions in Ningxia. It plays vital roles in the development of stock husbandry. However， there was largely unknown about its accurate geographical boundary and distribution of Ningxia desert steppe for long time due to different research objectives and goals. It was a necessity to explore its main ecological issues. Regarding its natural features， forming conditions， and practical distribution， we gave out a clear geographical boundary and distribution of Ningxia desert steppe. It included two areas： arid middle area of Ningxia， and piedmont area of eastern Helan mountain， with the area of 1.18×10⁶ hm² and 2.55×10⁵ hm²， respectively. The administrative region of both areas occupied 52 towns of 10 counties and 18 towns of 8 counties， respectively. The main ecological issues were found below： （1） drought， and scarce of water resources and their uneven distribution in fragile desert steppe region. （2） Heavy grassland degradation and desertification， and strong conflict between grazing and ecological restoration. （3） frequent occurrences of natural hazard and rodent and insect pests constraining the natural recovery. （4） non-balance between land utilization and ecological protection of fragile ecosystems. The main reasons for these mentioned above were： poor natural conditions and environmental essences， unintended reclamation and overgrazing， delayed forecasting and inadequate prevention of natural disasters， a lack of effective implementation in rodent and insect pest management， and irrational management and utilization. In the future， several considerations for protection of Ningxia desert steppe were followed as below： enhancing ecosystem monitoring and evaluation， initialing precise and sustainable ecological projects， promoting scientific innovation and land use structure， summarizing the successful achievements， and strengthening the support of law and policy， and maintaining the status of fragile ecosystem recovery and conservation.

The Linze Inland River Basin Research Station （Linze Station） is located in the middle section of the Hexi Corridor， in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin， China's second-largest inland river basin. It is one of the earliest field stations dedicated to ecohydrology research in arid regions and represents a microcosm of ecohydrology studies in inland river basins in China. This paper reviews the introduction of the discipline of “Ecohydrology” at the Linze Station and the process of refining scientific questions in arid region ecohydrology research. It summarizes the research progress on arid region vegetation water consumption and oasis ecological water demand； forest patterns， processes， and hydrological mechanisms on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains； the response of mountain ecosystems to climate change； desert vegetation evolution and the ecohydrology mechanisms for maintaining stability； desert ecosystems' responses to precipitation； the pattern， structure， and functional changes of riparian forest ecosystems in deserts， as well as their responses to groundwater and surface water. It proposes that， based on research on relatively independent units of mountains， deserts， and oases， the landscape patterns， component elements， system efficiency， and coupling relationships of the mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass-sand system in inland river basins should be explored. The interactions between forest， sand， grass， water， lakes， and fields， as well as scale effects， should be analyzed. The stability and ecological benefits of the system under different water resource allocation scenarios should be simulated. The ecohydrology mechanisms of the coordinated and trade-off systems from typical small watersheds to inland river basins， such as the Qilian Mountains， Hexi Corridor， and Alashan Plateau， should be clarified， with a focus on material migration and ecological responses across the three geomorphic units. The study should also address the pathways and technologies for inter-basin water diversion and sustainable oasis agriculture.

To investigate the fractal characteristics and influencing factors of soil particle size in the primary underlying surface of the Heihe River source area， this study focused on the alpine meadow in that region. Soil particle size from 0 to 40 cm depth， along with various physical and chemical indicators， were measured， and environmental factors at each sampling point were extracted. Principal component analysis and the Mantel test were employed to quantify the influence of each factor on the fractal characteristics of soil particle size. Additionally， a partial least squares path model was utilized to explore the effects of interactions among environmental factors on soil fractal characteristics. The results showed that the particle size distribution of alpine meadow soil could be divided into three scale domains： clay domain， silt domain， and sand domain. The boundaries of these domains were largely consistent with the U.S. standard classifications for clay， silt， and sand. The mean fractal dimension of the silt domain （D_silt） within the 0-40 cm soil layer was 2.33， while that of the sand domain （D_sand） was 2.84. The multifractal dimension parameters， namely D₀ （capacity dimension）， D₁ （information dimension）， and D₂ （association dimension）， exhibit the order D₀ > D₁ > D₂， indicating a non-uniform distribution of soil particle sizes. Soil particle size is a critical factor influencing the fractal characteristics of soil. Topographic factors play a significant role in vegetation growth and the roughness of soil texture by redistributing water and heat resources， which in turn indirectly impacts the fractal characteristics of soil particle size.

Deciphering the spatiotemporal organization of the “mountains-waters-farmlands-forests-lakes-grasslands-deserts” system is central to understanding ecosystem evolution and multi-element coordination. Addressing the limitations of studies that isolate single elements or emphasize functional assessment over process， we adopt “community of life” perspective and develop an integrated pattern-drivers-responses framework. Using CNLUCC datasets （1980-2023）， we couple landscape dynamics with the Optimal GeoDetector （OPGD） to characterize elementwise trajectories， class transitions， and their determinants across the Qilian Mountains. Results show grassland and desert dominate the regional mosaic， with a pronounced southeast grassland contraction and northwest desert retreat. High-elevation zones， structured by forests and alpine grasslands， exhibit comparatively stable ecosystem functions， whereas intensifying human activities at mid-low elevations increase landscape fragmentation and compositional complexity. Among natural controls， humidity， precipitation， and evapotranspiration exert primary influence； topographic factors have modest marginal effects but substantially amplify explanatory power through interactions with climate variables. Socioeconomic drivers， especially population density and nighttime lights， strongly condition the distributions of croplands and settlements. Overall， Qilian landscape reconfiguration reflects the joint imprint of climate change and human activity. We recommend grassland-centered conservation as a keystone strategy and coordinated regulation of meteorological and anthropogenic drivers to curb undesirable conversions， offering a decision-oriented template for optimizing regional ecological security patterns and zoning control.

Lake shore areas in arid and semi-arid regions are critical hotspots for aeolian activity. However， traditional studies have primarily focused on aeolian processes on terrestrial surfaces， with comparatively limited research on wind and sand dynamics over ice-covered lake surfaces. The high-cold climate and strong wind regimes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau render ice-covered lake surfaces optimal for observing dust emission and deposition in winter， facilitating the monitoring and analysis of dust dynamics in arid environments. Following the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake in the Hoh Xil region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， extensive areas of lakebed in the western and southern sectors became prominent dust source areas. To monitor wind-driven sediment transport on the ice-covered lake surfaces post-freeze-up， this study utilized a time series of 11 remote sensing images covering Zonag Lake from October 2017 to June 2018. The Normalized Difference Sandy Land Index （NDSLI） was applied to extract spatial distribution data of wind-blown sediments on the lake ice. By applying specified thresholds to the NDSLI results， sediment-covered and non-sediment-covered areas were effectively distinguished. At the start of the monitoring period （November 24， 2017）， the dust-covered area was only 4.59 km²， representing just 2.97% of the lake surface. However， 79 days later （February 12， 2018）， the coverage expanded dramatically to 115.05 km²， covering 74.60% of the lake area. Furthermore， through finer threshold segmentation， this study was able to identify the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of varying sediment cover densities on the ice surface. Consequently， the NDSLI method demonstrates an effective approach for remote sensing monitoring of aeolian sediments on ice-covered lake surfaces， enriching our understanding of aeolian geomorphology and dynamics within cold， high-altitude arid environments.

To explore the impact of large-scale photovoltaic （PV） power station construction on soil bacterial community diversity and function， a study was conducted at a large-scale PV power station in Talatan， Gonghe County， Qinghai Province. Sampling areas were set up in the inter-panel zone， under-panel zone， and an off-site control zone， covering both grassland and sandy land surface landscapes. Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation characteristics were investigated， and bacterial community composition and diversity were analyzed using 16S amplification technology. The influence of environmental factors on soil bacterial communities was also examined. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla in both grassland and sandy land areas were Actinobacteriota， Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， and Acidobacteriota. The α-diversity of bacterial communities was higher in the off-site control zone compared to the inter-panel and under-panel zones within the PV power station. Significant differences in β-diversity were observed in grassland， but not in sandy land. Total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and ammonium nitrogen were the main factors affecting the abundance of dominant bacterial phyla in grassland， while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was the primary factor influencing the abundance of dominant bacterial phyla in sandy land. The ecological functions of soil bacteria in the PV power station were predominantly centered on carbon cycling metabolic pathways. The construction of large-scale PV power stations alters soil physicochemical properties， thereby inducing changes in soil bacterial composition， diversity， and ecological functions.

As a part of the fragile ecological area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， the soil quality of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is directly related to the regional ecological security. Exploring the characteristics of soil quality changes under different site types in the wind erosion area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yajiang River Basin can provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem protection and sand control. In this study， six typical site types （grassland， forest land， cultivated land， flood land， fixed sand land， and mobile sand land） in the study area were taken as the research objects. Based on the monitoring of nine soil physical and chemical properties such as soil mechanical composition and soil nutrients （organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， available potassium and available phosphorus）， the minimum data set （MDS） was established by correlation analysis and principal component analysis， and the soil quality under different site types was quantitatively evaluated according to the weighted summation index method. The results showed that ： （1） The soil texture of different site types and different depths in the study area did not change significantly， and the soil particle size composition was： sand > silt > clay. The highest proportion of soil clay content was forest land （0.9%）， and the highest proportion of silt content was cultivated land （27.0%）. The soil of flood land was mainly composed of sand （90.7%）， and its clay （0.1%） content was the lowest. （2） There are obvious differences in soil chemical properties under different site types in the study area， and it decreases with the increase of soil depth as a whole， which has certain surface aggregation. （3） The minimum data set of soil quality index evaluation in the study area included sand volume percentage， available potassium mass fraction， and total potassium mass fraction， and their weights were 0.55，0.30 and 0.14， respectively. The overall soil quality was grassland （0.55） > cultivated land （0.54） > forest land （0.53） > fixed sand land （0.42） > moving sand land （0.32） > river beach land （0.27）. The evaluation results have an important reference value for sustainable soil management in this area.

Vegetation structure is a key determinant of the ecological effectiveness and stability of artificial windbreak and sand-fixation systems， serving as the core of scientifically establishing vegetation-based protective mechanisms. Based on existing literature， this paper comprehensively reviewed the concepts and significance of the main indicators used to characterize the structure of artificial windbreak and sand-fixation vegetation. It focused on exploring the relationships between plant morphological characteristics， vegetation coverage， porosity， configuration patterns， and their effects on windbreak and sand fixation. The paper also analyzed the evolutionary patterns of artificial windbreak and sand-fixation vegetation structures and their primary driving mechanisms， summarized the influence of vegetation structure on the stability of windbreak and sand-fixation ecosystems， and proposed future research directions accordingly. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between artificial vegetation structure and windbreak and sand-fixation benefits， provides theoretical references for scientifically constructing windbreak and sand-fixation ecosystems， and offers insights for future research on artificial vegetation structures in this context.