In order to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech on strengthening comprehensive prevention and control of desertification， further promote the construction of the "Three North" and other key ecological projects and win the battle against desertification in the core area of the Hexi Corridor-Taklimakan Desert edge （defined as “Battle Zone”）， the study of the management regionalization and the zoning management tasks in the core area of the Battle Zone were presented in this paper. According to the characteristics of sandy land and sand activities in the region， using "sand source is no longer causing damage and dust source is effectively controlled " as the goal， this paper systematically sorted out and analyzed the sources of wind， sand and dust， the law and path of sand transmission and its influence range， the natural geographical characteristics and the spatial distribution of the source of dust， wind and sand， protection gap between oasis， encroachment of sand outside oasis. Based on the above analyses， the management regionalization and the key zoning management tasks in the region were presented， so as to provide scientific support for the battle against desertification in the core area of the Hexi Corridor-Taklimakan Desert edge.

The Jiziwan of the Yellow River is the core area of the Three North Projects in the modern age， which plays a significant role in supplying sediment to the middle and lower portions of the Yellow River. However， as a newly proposed comprehensive strategy region for controlling desertification， the development characteristics and driving factors of desertification in Jiziwan of the Yellow River remain unknown. Based on Landsat series images in Jiziwan of the Yellow River from 1975 to 2020， the desertification data of this study were interpreted using a combination of object-oriented and visual interpretation methods， and the spatio-temporal changes of desertification and its driving factors were quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） Temporally， with 2000 serving as the time node， the trend of desertified land in Jiziwan of the Yellow River， began to shift initially and subsequently reversed. The extent of desertification has reversed to be comparable with that in 1975， but the desertified area has only reversed to the level of 1990. （2） Spatially， there was partial reversal but overall deterioration between 1975 and 2000， and general reversal with localized deterioration between 2000 and 2020， mostly in the middle of the Otok Banner in the Mu Us Sandy Land. （3） Changes in desertification in this region are jointly governed by climate change and human activity， but the contribution rate of climate change is substantially higher than that of human activities. The research results can provide support for combating desertification in Jiziwan of the Yellow River and the ecological protection， as well as promoting ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River.

The historical sequence of dust events in Dunhuang， Northwest China， over the past two thousand years was constructed based on 143 historical documents records that distribute in 83 years. We established the relationships between the probability and intensity of dust events in different regions along the dust transport path of acient Sili Road in the Hexi Corridor. The sequence was then compared with the findings derived from several climate proxy indicators， including tree rings， ice cores， and other relevant proxies in neighboring regions. We also examized the temporal and spatial correlations of strong dust events with changes of climate factors. The results show that the periods characterized by strong and frequent dust events in Dunhuang were predominantly recorded in four phases： 280-351 AD， 1440-1550 AD， 1720-1840 AD， and 1900-1952 AD. These periods align closely with the dusty periods associated with drought and cold climate conditions， as evidenced by natural climatic proxies from the surrounding areas. The availability of documentary records that reflect dust weather is notably limited prior to the 2nd century， between 7th to 14th centuries， as well as the 16th to 17th centuries. To address the gaps in these blank periods， it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations in the dating of extant historical records， and enhance domestical and international collaboration to provide a more comprehensive exploration of the significance inherent in plundered overseas materials. This will yield more data that support the investigation of the climatic history not only in Dunhuang but also in many other regions of Northwest China.

Land desertification poses a significant threat to global food security， exerting severe adverse impacts on ecological and social systems， while also resulting in substantial economic losses. With the development of photovoltaic technology and the maturation of its industrial chain， coupled with the favorable solar and thermal conditions as well as cost-effective land availability in arid and semi-arid regions， large-scale construction of photovoltaic power stations has become feasible， and consequently， a novel technique known as photovoltaic desertification control has emerged to effectively combat desertification. This technology represents an innovative approach that integrates photovoltaic power generation， desertification prevention， and water-saving agricultural technology. Its primary objective is to harness the abundant solar energy resources in deserts for clean energy production while simultaneously preventing desertification through a multi-scale spatial layout of engineering， ecological measures， and photovoltaic sand control units （i.e， individual power stations）. This comprehensive strategy aims to enhance the ecological environment and achieve a mutually beneficial outcome for both productivity and ecology. Drawing on relevant literature and the practical experience of our research group， this paper provides a comprehensive review of the development trajectory of photovoltaic desertification control technology. It introduces the concept and benefits of the photovoltaic- soil-vegetation coupling system to enhance understanding， while elucidating the fundamental principles， specific measures， and practical significance of this technology. Furthermore， it presents future prospects for research and implementation. The aim of this review is to provide valuable guidance for the further optimization of photovoltaic desertification control technology and its large-scale application.

The Horqin-Otindag Sandy Land is one of the areas with the most severe land desertification in China. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of land desertification is an important foundation for scientific desertification control. The study took the Horqin-Otindag Sandy Land as the study area. Based on the MOD13Q1 NDVI data， meteorological data， socio-economic data， the spatiotemporal patterns of land desertification and their driving factors were revealed from 2000 to 2020 using Sen+Mann Kendall trend analysis， strip analysis， geographical detectors and other methods. The results showed that： （1） The land desertification intensity was much more serious in the west than that in the east. Slight desertification appeared in the junction of the Horqin Sandy Land and the Otindag Sandy Land. （2） From 2000 to 2020， land desertification in the study area showed a significant reversal trend in general. The desertification reversed area accounted for 73.59% of the total study area， which mainly distributed in the middle east of Otindag Sandy Land and the southeast of Horqin Sandy Land. The desertification area with deterioration trend accounted for 11.17%， which was scattered in the study area. （3） The annual precipitation and population density are the dominant factors affecting the spatial pattern of land desertification during the study period. The interaction of all factors shows bivariate enhancement， among which the precipitation and soil type interaction most obvious. We suggested to strengthen cross regional cooperation and coordination under the premise of scientific assessment of regional resource and environment carrying capacity， strengthen the governance of Otindag Sandy Land， optimize the industrial structure of Horqin Sandy Land， promote the coordinated development of ecology and economy， and promote the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains， rivers， forests， fields， lakes， grass and sand. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of desertified land in the study area.

Dusty weather is an extreme weather phenomenon that occurs frequently in the northern China. It leads to a turbidity of the air and a sharp decline in visibility， causing adverse effects on various aspects of human society. Dust aerosols transported into the atmosphere by strong winds also have a significant impact on weather and climate by modulating atmospheric radiation budget and cloud microphysics. Accurate identification and forecasting of dusty weather are of great significance in ecological protection and climate change mitigation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on methods for identifying and forecasting dust events. Important methods are described in detail， and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. Finally， this paper summarizes the research achievements related to the identification and forecasting of dusty weather and proposes valuable future research directions.

When restoring or rebuilding sandy vegetation in arid areas， precipitation and shallow groundwater are two key factors in determining vegetation stability， because vegetation can only be stable and sustainable in its windbreak and sand fixation function when the water demand of vegetation， precipitation and groundwater replenishment are in balance. In this paper， Mu Us Sandy Land and Horqin Sandy Land， which are typical sandy lands in eastern deserts of China， were selected， and vegetation coverage data， meteorological station data， groundwater data and field survey data with continuous time phases were used， the dynamic changes of sandy moisture and the balance between vegetation water demand and water supply were calculated. The results showed： （1） Mu Us Sandy Land and Horqin Sandy Land had the highest correlation between VC during the growth season and P in the previous year and the current year， separately. The response of each grid buffer zone to groundwater is also abundant in a one-year lag and different vegetation types have different lag times in responding to changes in P and groundwater. （2） The monthly vegetation water demand and average monthly W of vegetation in these two sandy areas showed an increasing trend in each growing season， with significant spatial variation； （3） The main source of water demand for vegetation in the Mu Us Sandy Land and Horqin Sandy Land is groundwater， and declining groundwater levels may causes unsustainable vegetation； the Mu Us Sandy Land is more dependent on precipitation and the Horqin Sandy Land is more sensitive to groundwaterfor natural geographic differences. （4）The vegetation stability of two sandy areas is cyclical， varying from 2-24 years depending on local ground conditions.

This study utilizes the Wind Erosion Prediction System （WEPS） algorithm， combined with multi-source geographical data， to calculate soil wind erosion and PM₁₀ in the core area of the battle against desertification along the Hexi Corridor-Taklimakan Desert edge since 2000. It analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and primary influencing factors. The results indicate that within the total study area of 806 700 km2， the multi-year average wind erosion modulus is 3 553 t·km^-2， with high wind erosion concentrations observed in the southeastern margin of the Taklamakan Desert and the central Hexi Corridor. Overall， due to decreasing wind speeds， increasing vegetation cover， and increased precipitation in the study area， the wind erosion modulus exhibits a downward trend， with an average decrease rate of 41 t·km^-2 per decade， and the area experiencing reduction accounts for 48% of the total. Meanwhile， the annual average PM₁₀ emission is 3.11×10⁷ t， with an average annual rate of 38.53 t·km^-2. Among the seasons， spring exhibits the highest wind erosion modulus， accounting for 47% of the annual total. Correlation analysis reveals that wind speed， vegetation cover， and soil moisture are key influencing factors， with wind speed contributing over 90% to wind erosion.

Water productivity refers to the quantity or value of products produced by per unit volume or value of water resources. Improving water productivity is an important direction for the sustainable development of desert oasis. The Hexi Corridor is not only an important ecological barrier of northwestern China， but also a typical irrigated agricultural area in the northwestern China. After more than 70 years of development， the Hexi Corridor has made very significant achievements in oasis irrigation agriculture， national economic development and ecological protection construction. However， low agricultural water productivity still affects the development of oasis profoundly. This paper combs the current status of utilization of water and soil resources in the Hexi Corridor， analyzes the characteristics of oasis soil organic matter and water holding capacity as well as their relationships with water productivity， and proposes the approaches to improve oasis water productivity by increasing soil organic matter and soil water holding capacity. In order to protect the safety and stability of the Hexi Corridor ecological barrier and the sustainable development of oasis agriculture， it is recommended that respecting the process of oasisization in oasis management， protecting irrigated desert soil resources， and restricting the conversion of irrigated desert soil cultivated land with good productivity into non-cultivated land strictly； determining the areas that should be prioritized for improvement according to the soil condition， especially the soil with surface organic matter of 1.0%-1.8% and field capacity between 20% and 25%； in order to realize the improvement of agricultural water productivity in the oasis of the Hexi Corridor.

The 10 years period of “Culture Revolution” from 1966 to 1976 had hindered the practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science to a certain degree. Nonetheless， relied on the foundation laid over the past decade， the science， technology and engineering teams from all levels of national to provincial and local carried on with scientific research， technological development and engineering implementation， field long-term observations and experiments， laboratory sample analysis and data statistics， blowing sand wind tunnel experiment， summary of results and writing of papers and monographs， etc. These efforts had obtained a batch of achievements， in which some of typical progress can be expressed as follows. （1） The construction and application of blowing sand wind tunnel created the pioneering work of wind tunnel experiment for prevention and control of aeolian desertification and research on law of wind-blown sand movement in China. （2） Some new results have been made in process and prevention of wind-sand disaster to the desert railway by systematically conducted on engineering technology experiments and theoretical research. （3） The work exchange meeting on desert control research of Chinese Academy of Sciences had successfully held in Lanzhou in March of 1975， which timely concluded and presented the theoretical and practical achievements and levels. （4） Systematically summarized the results of scientific investigations， observations， experiments， research， and practice， so that many scientific papers have been published as well as a series of monographs compiled and edited. There were some encouraged results of exploration and innovation on the distribution and general characteristics of deserts， causes of desert formation， source of sand material rising right on the spot， feature of wind-blown sand movement， formation and evolution mechanism of sand dunes in China and the development of aeolian geomorphology， morphological characteristics and movement patterns of sand dunes， regionalization of aeolian geomorphology and several landform issues for preventing blown sand disaster in the Taklamakan Desert. Other system summary results also delivered such as the management of farmland wind-blown sand disaster， railway's prevention and control of wind-blown sand damage， desert railway engineering construction as well as the successful experiences and effective measures from the Xinjiang， Gansu and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. All of the achievements and progress promoted the theoretical exploration and systematic composition of desert science in China.

Horqin Sandy Land， located at the southeast end of the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China， should have been a landscape of sparse forest grassland with abundant water and grass. However， it has become one of the most seriously desertified areas in the modern era， due to the fragile ecological environment conditions combined with the influence of climate change and unreasonable human activities. During the great practice of desertification prevention and control in China， Horqin Sandy Land has taken the lead in realizing the benign reversal of desertification. Whereas， the situation of desertification prevention and control in this region is still severe under the background of global change. This paper focused on the typical countermeasure model and its effectiveness achieved in the past decades of sand control and prevention in Horqin Sandy Land， summarized the action plans of various provinces and regions since the launch of the decisive battle against desertification in Horqin Sandy Land， discussed the main problems and challenges facing by sand control and prevention in the new period， and put forward targeted ecological sustainable restoration countermeasures. The aim was to provide scientific and technological support for the high-level protection and restoration of the ecological environment and high-quality economic and social development in the Horqin Sandy Land.

To explore change rule of plant community structure， function and aboveground biomass within arid and semi-arid grasslands in China， particularly under changing precipitation regimes during the growing season， field simulation control experiments were conducted in fixed sand dunes and sandy grasslands in 2022. The experimental treatments included： a reduction of water by 60% from May to September （P_60-）， an increase of water by 60% during the same period （P₆₀₊）， a 100% water reduction from May to June （P_100-） and a 100% water increase in the same two months （P₁₀₀₊）. This study analyzed changes in plant community characteristics （species diversity， vegetation coverage， plant density， and aboveground biomass）， plant community functional traits （height， leaf thickness， specific leaf area， leaf dry matter content， and leaf carbon and nitrogen content）， and soil physical and chemical properties （soil water content， pH， conductivity， mechanical composition， and carbon and nitrogen content）. The correlations with aboveground biomass were also examined. The results indicated that drought conditions （P_60- and P_100-） increased the prominence of annual C₄ plants such as Chloris virgate and Tribulus terrestris（P<0.05）， while diminishing the role of perennial plants like Cleistogenes squarrosa （P<0.05）. In fixed dunes， extreme early-season drought （P_100-） led to an increase in the Simpson dominance index （P<0.05） and a decrease in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index （P<0.05）. Conversely， drought throughout the growing season （P_60-） increased aboveground biomass（P<0.05）. In sandy grasslands， drought （P_60- and P_100-） reduced vegetation cover and plant density（P<0.05）. The increase in aboveground biomass under drought conditions was primarily due to the increased dominance of species with larger biomass. Moreover， differences in soil water content and fine sand content between the fixed sand dunes and sandy grasslands could negatively or positively impact aboveground biomass. This effect is mediated through influences on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and plant community height. Therefore， shifts in precipitation regimes during the growing season altered species composition， vegetation characteristics， and soil physicochemical properties in the grassland communities of the Horqin Sandy Land. These changes affected aboveground biomass and consequently transformed the structure and function of the grassland ecosystem in this region.

Soil wind erosion is an important threat to the global ecological and environmental security of arid and semi-arid area. Vegetation can effectively reduce the risk of soil wind erosion by reducing wind speed and capturing soil particles. At present， people's understanding of the optimal pattern and coverage of vegetation controlling soil wind erosion still needs to be deepened. With the help of a mobile wind tunnel in the field， this article measured the response of surface sediment transport rate and wind sand flow structure to the coverage of herbaceous plants （Astragalus adsurgens）. The results show that： （1） When the vegetation coverage is small， the distribution curve of wind sand flow structure follows the exponential function distribution law. With the increase of vegetation coverage， the curve shape appears differentiation. （2） Vegetation coverage can effectively reduce the intensity of soil wind erosion and raise the height of sand transport. （3） The surface aerodynamic roughness and vegetation coverage follow a logarithmic function variation law， and their growth rate gradually decreases and eventually approaches zero with the increase of vegetation coverage. There is a threshold phenomenon in the aerodynamic roughness of the underlying surface. （4） The optimal coverage of Astragalus adsurgens for controlling soil wind erosion is about 30%， which can effectively suppress about 90% of wind erosion below a height of 20 cm.

Grassland is a crucial part of terrestrial ecosystem and plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological security. Soil multifunctionality （SMF） is a comprehensive index to measure the provided soil multiple functions， which has imperative significance for assessing grassland ecosystem function and regional sustainable development. However， the current SMF studies are still in the initial stage， and the objects in studies are mostly farmland ecosystems， while there are relatively few studies on grassland and other natural ecosystems. In addition， there is few ecolgoists to elucidate the relationship among SMF of grassland ecosystems， plant and soil microorganisms， as well as the effect of global change on SMF in grassland ecosystems. Therefore， this paper discusses the study progress of SMF from five aspects： the concept of SMF， quantitative indicators and methods， the relationship among plants and soil microorganisms and SMF， the impact of global changes on SMF and the spatial variability of SMF， and reviews the change and mechanisms of SMF in grassland ecosystems. Based on the existing problems in the existing studies， the following topics should be focused on： （1） Unified SMF quantitative methods； （2） The transformation mechanism of SMF at different spatial scales； （3） SMF driving mechanism of different grassland ecosystems； （4） Impacts of global changes such as precipitation increase， climate warming and nitrogen deposition， and land use change on SMF； （5） The relationships and interactions between above-ground ecological functions and SMF； （6） Effects of root functional traits on SMF and contributions of plants to SMF at different scale levels； （7） The contribution of rare species of microorganisms and plant-soil animal-soil microbial multitrophic linkage on SMF.

Sandy lands， as vital components of terrestrial ecosystems， possess unique structures and functions. In the agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China's semi-arid and semi-humid regions， sandy lands have undergone rapid human-induced changes， both positive and negative. These changes are primarily reflected in phases of "destructive utilization" and "protective restoration utilization". Extensive development models have caused issues such as land desertification， over-exploitation of water resources， and ecological imbalance. This study focuses on the Horqin Sandy Land， Mu Us Sandy Land， Hunshandake Sandy Land， and Hulunbuir Sandy Land. It reviews literature and research findings on the regional differentiation characteristics of natural elements in typical semi-arid sandy lands， the spatiotemporal evolution of desertified land and its driving forces， and the co-evolution of vegetation-soil characteristics. Given the current state of land desertification and its management amidst climate change and human activities， future research should prioritize the coordination of human-land relationships in sandy lands under policy guidance， enhance ecological restoration and vegetation stability based on regional water balance， and scientifically advance key ecological engineering projects， such as those in the Horqin Sandy Land and Hunshandake Sandy Land， thereby promoting sustainable development across ecological， economic， and social systems in semi-arid sandy lands.

Saline soil in arid regions is important land resources in China， and their improvement and utilization are an important element in promoting the green and sustainable development of China， which is related to national food security and ecological safety. Microorganisms， as an important part of soil ecosystem， play an important role in the improvement and management of saline soils and improving the salt tolerance of plants. Intensive study on soil microbial diversity， community structure and functional characteristics in arid saline soils and the related factors can provide important microbial references for the restoration and ecological reconstruction of saline soil in arid regions. The paper organized the overview of saline soil in arid regions， analyzed the characteristics of microbial diversity， community structure and ecological function in saline soils， elaborated the related factors of saline environment on soil microbial communities， and put forward the problems in microbial research in arid saline soil and the future development direction. This review can provide references for the development and utilization of saline soil and microbial resources management in arid regions in China.

Clarifying the relationship between vegetation diversity and soil physical and chemical properties is the premise for vegetation protection and desertification control in sandy land. Vegetation community characteristic， soil physical and chemical properties and their relationship were studied in the typical area of Hedong Sandy Land in Ningxia. The results showed that there were 41 species， which belongs to 34 genera， 15 families. There were 29 genera only have one species and 11 families only have one genus. Herbaceous plants accounted for an absolute advantage， with a total of 36 species， accounting for 87.80 %. Only 5 shrubs were recorded and no tree distributed in the study area. The species diversity indices （0.60-1.07） and the evenness indices （0.46-0.68） are both low， while the predominant indices （0.46-0.68） were relatively high， which reflected that the vegetation composition in the studied area was simple and the dominant species have significant impacts on the community characteristics. The soil in this area was mainly alkaline soil， with some area been strongly alkaline soil， but the soil has a low salt content. The soil organic matter content （1.68-2.80 g·kg^-1） and total nitrogen content （0.12-0.20 g·kg^-1） were equivalent to those in Horqin Sandy Land and Maowusu Sandy Land， but the available phosphorus content （0.41-1.85 mg·kg^-1） had an order of magnitude difference with Horqin. Which indicates that there might have been phosphorus limitation on formation and distribution of vegetation in Hedong Sandy Land. Redundancy analysis （RDA） was applied， and the results showed that soil properties could effectively explain the vegetation community characteristics in Ningdong Sandy Land. The interpretation rate of the first sorting axis reached 75.87%， with a total interpretation rate of 49.20% for total nitrogen， organic matter， and C∶N of surface soil. This showed that surface soil organic matter and nitrogen had important impacts on vegetation formation and distribution in the Hedong Sandy Land. By further analysis， it was found that vegetation coverage has extremely significant negative correlation with surface soil water content and also has significant negative correlation with soil nutrients. The vegetation height has significant negative correlation with surface soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. There was a negative correlation between species richness and species diversity indices and soil nutrients in Hedong Sandy Land.

The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is the second largest ecological security barrie， which is a typical ecological fragile zone in northern China. In this study， based on field investigation and indoor analysis， the spatial distribution pattern of soil physicochemical properties in the planted forest in the northern agro-pastoral ecotone was discussed. Combined with climatic factors and tree species identities， the differences of soil physicochemical properties between trees and shrubs and thevariations of soil physicochemical properties in the planted forest with climate gradient were analysed. The results show that： （1） The overall soil of the plantation in the agro-pastoral ecotone was weakly alkaline， the electrical conductivity was 153.55±3.02 μS·cm^-1， the soil bulk density ranged from 0.53 to 2.28 g·cm^-3， the soil water content was 12.54%±0.62%， and the soil total carbon and nitrogen contents were 13.74±0.61 g·kg^-1 and 0.88±0.05 g·kg^-1， respectively. （2） From west to east， soil acidity increased， soil bulk density decreased， soil water content increased， total carbon content decreased， and total nitrogen content increased. （3） On the climate gradient， soil pH， conductivity and bulk density were negatively correlated with precipitation， while soil water content， total carbon and total nitrogen were positively correlated with precipitation. The soil total carbon and total nitrogen contents were negatively correlated with temperature and aridity index. （4） On the regional scale， soil pH of tree soil was significantly lower than that of shrub soil， and soil total carbon and nitrogen contents of shrub soil were higher than those of treesoil.

Wetland is the most biodiverse ecosystem on Earth， and wetland vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability and functionality of these ecosystems， so mastering wetland vegetation types and distribution characteristics is extremely important for biodiversity conservation. Due to factors such as lacking or unsystematic vegetation community information and remote sensing resolution， the research on vegetation distribution in arid wetlands is limited. Taking the Sugan Lake wetland in the northern part of the Qaidam Basin of the extremely arid region in northwest China as the study area， based on the field vegetation survey data of 116 points and 626 unmanned aerial vehicle image sample points data， Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar （Synthetic Aperture Radar， SAR） data and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager imagery （MultiSpectral Instrument， MSI） data were used to construct a new remote sensing feature database. The vegetation in Sugan Lake wetland was classified and mapped using the Random Forest algorithm. The results show that： （1） The combination of SAR and MSI data can improve the accuracy of wetland vegetation classification， with overall accuracy of wetland vegetation classification exceeding 0.81 for the years 2019-2023， and Kappa coefficients of 0.82， 0.84， 0.86， 0.82， and 0.82 respectively. （2） From 2019 to 2023， the area of Sugan Lake wetland remained stable， with a vegetation distribution area of 783.90 km2. The distribution area ofreed （Phragmites australis） communities increased by 28.49 km2， and the area of leymus （Leymus secalinus） communities increased by 27.21 km2. In contrast， the coverage of triglochin palustre （Triglochin palustre） and eleocharis palustris （Eleocharis palustris） communities decreased by 64.49 km2. It is preliminarily considered that increased runoff and grazing prohibition policies are important reasons for the changes in wetland vegetation distribution. This study provides an effective method for surveying vegetation in arid area wetlands. High-quality dynamic monitoring of wetland vegetation offers theoretical references for the construction of ecological civilization and restoration measures.

Salt stress is one of the important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth in arid region， which affects plant energy metabolism processes and in turn adversely affects plant growth and development. Stable energy supply is closely related to salt tolerance of plants. Based on it， the energy metabolism processes of plants in the conditions of osmotic stress， ion stress， nutrient deficiency， oxidative stress and photosynthetic damage were systematically reviewed from three stages of seed germination， vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and reference for improving the salt tolerance of plants and the rational utilization of saline land in arid regions.

Desertification is one of serious environmental issues in northern China， and decades of the desertification prevention and control have obtained abundant experiences and various models for restoration and utilization of desertified land. With the in-depth enhancement of ecological civilization construction， especially green development， it is urgent to integrate previous ecological restoration technologies and sand industry models of desertified land and evaluate their applicability in the current context. In this paper， firstly 9 models in total are integrated， including engineering and biological desertification control technologies and sand industry models. Secondly their application criteria are formulated in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors such as meteorological conditions， treatment urgency， transportation convenience， and desertification degree. Finally， taking desertified land and desert fringe areas in the northwest arid region as the study area， the implementation applicability of each ecological restoration and sand industry model in different natural units （natural sandy land and degraded sandy land） and administrative counties is assessed with multi-source data such as remote sensing products， meteorological observations and ground surveys. This study provides technical models， assessment criteria and suitable range for the ecological restoration techniques and sand industries in desertified land， and at the same time provides scientific support for decision makers in formulating restoration and utilization measures for desertified land.

The Hexi Corridor is a key region for economic crop production in Gansu Province， and also an important grain production base in China. In order to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the main climatic elements and climate production potential in this region under the background of global climate change， and to clarify the patterns of change in climate production potential， this study utilized annual average temperature and precipitation data from 1960 to 2022， collected from 20 counties and districts in the Hexi Corridor. The climate production potential of the Hexi Corridor was estimated using the Miami model， Thornthwaite Memorial model， and Liebig's law of the minimum factor. The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of climate elements and climate production potential were also analyzed. Furthermore， future climate changes and related production potential in the Hexi Corridor were projected using CMIP6 model data， under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways （SSPs） including SSP1-2.6， SSP2-4.5， SSP3-7.0， and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The results indicate that the average temperature in the Hexi Corridor has shown an overall increasing trend， while the average precipitation has shown an overall decreasing trend over the past 63 years. Under the combined influence of precipitation， topography， and altitude differences， the temperature and potential evapotranspiration have shown an increasing trend， with the temperature potential exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern of gradually decreasing from north to south. However， the precipitation， and standard climate production potential have shown a decreasing trend， with low values concentrated in the northern desert area. Under the four projected scenarios， the climatic types in the southern high-altitude oasis zones and the northern near-desert regions respectively show trends towards "warm-wetting" and "warm-drying" developments.

Precipitation change is an important regulatory factor for the restoration and functional maintenance of degraded vegetation in arid desert steppe. It is of great significance to study the responses of plant diversity and above-ground net primary productivity （ANPP） to precipitation changes during the restoration of degraded desert steppe ecosystems. Therefore， the research object was the herbage community in the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia， which was drought-treated for 5 years （2017-2021） （control， rain reduction of 20%， 40% and 60%） and then restored for 2 years （2022 and 2023）. We measured species diversity， plant functional traits and ANPP during the restoration process， and studied the legacy effects of different drought intensities and the effects of growing season precipitation changes on the resilience of desert steppe plant communities， providing theoretical basis for ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe. The results showed that： （1） Two years after the drought ended， there was no significant difference in species richness for other treatments and density， plant functional traits and ANPP for all treatments， except that the species richness of 40% treatment was significantly lower than that of the control， indicating that the desert steppe had strong resilience. （2） During recovery， growing season precipitation has significant effects on vegetation restoration： restore 1 year （2022）， the growing season has relatively high， the leaf nitrogen content of 40% treatment was significantly greater than the control， meanwhile， the species richness， density， plant height， specific leaf area， leaf dry matter content， leaf thickness and ANPP for all treatments were not significantly different from the control. However， in the second year of restoration （2023）， the growing season drought significantly reduced the species richness， density， ANPP， SLA and LT， while the leaf carbon and nitrogen content was the opposite. （3） The structural equation model showed that during the restoration process， the change of growing season precipitation indirectly affected species richness and ANPP by influencing LT， and LT was an important factor affecting species richness and productivity during the restoration process. Arid desert steppe has a certain recovery ability after drought relief. The change of growing season precipitation determines the recovery of plant community diversity and productivity in arid desert steppe， and the increase of plants with thicker leaves can promote the recovery process of plant community after drought in arid desert steppe.

Ghost dune is a kind of aeolian sand landform which is different from the traditional cumulated dune. It belongs to eroded dune and is a negative landform. This paper takes the fluvial ghost dune in the north of Jiayuguan City in Hexi Corridor as the research object. By comparing satellite images and field sedimentary profile data， this paper verifies and discusses its morphological characteristics， formation model， differences from the lava flow ghost dune and its environmental significance. The results show that： （1） The fluvial ghost dunes are mainly distributed near the mountain pass of the river channel， and most of them present a distribution pattern of approximately parallel arcs arranged at different intervals. The arcs have different lengths， and some of them are buried by the dunes and discontinuous， which is similar to the base of the lee slope of the barchan dune. （2） The fluvial ghost dune sedimentary profile can be divided into three layers： the clay layer composed of silty clay （with mud cracks）， the transition layer dominated by fine sand and extremely fine sand， and the eolian layer dominated by fine sand. The form， sedimentary profile and water accumulation on the leeward slope of the dune in the image all indicate that the fluvial ghost dune is formed by the fluvial water carrying sediment and burying the leeward slope of the dune. （3） The reasonable relationship between topography， dune direction and temporary river direction is the key factor for the formation of fluvial ghost dune， which is easier to form when the lee slope of barchan dune faces the direction of water flow. （4） Compared with lava flow ghost dunes， due to the low density， low viscosity and strong fluidity of the fluvial medium， it usually forms an incomplete ghost dune with a curved shape and is easy to be eroded by wind and vice versa. There are also more water flows than lava flows， which can form multi-stage fluvial ghost dunes.

To investigate the dynamic characteristics of groundwater table depth （GTD） in different hydrological regions of arid oasis areas under the development of irrigated agriculture， the oasis area in the central part of Sangong River Basin in Xinjiang was selected as the target study region， and this oasis area was divided into three hydraulic units from south to north， i.e.， the alluvial fan oasis area （ADFO）， upper alluvial plain oasis area （APOU） and lower alluvial plain oasis area （APOL）. Using the GTD data of 9 long-term monitoring wells as well as irrigation agriculture development， hydrometeorological and regional socio-economic information from 1995 to 2016， the variation characteristics and influencing factors of GTD were analyzed based on a variety of powerful methods such as ensemble empirical mode decomposition， wavelet analysis and grey correlation degree， and a BP neural network model was developed to predict the change of GTD in the studied region under the future changing environment. We note that the interannual variations of GTD fluctuated greatly in the oasis area of Sangong River Basin， with a continuous downward trend during the past 22 years， especially in ADFO area with an average annual decline rate of 1.03 m. The change points of GTD for all wells were found to have occurred during 2006-2010， which represents the transition period of agricultural irrigation schemes from traditional flood irrigation to water-saving irrigation， and the GTD during the water-saving irrigation period （after 2012） was deeper than that the traditional flood irrigation period （before 2006） in each hydrological region， with an increase of ADFO （12.25-15.59 m） > APOU （5.30-8.23 m） > APOL （1.03-1.71 m）. The main influencing factors of GTD change in the basin are the cultivated land area， groundwater pumping and mountain annual runoff. The simulation and validation results indicate that the BP neural network model coupled with groundwater table depth in different hydrological regions has good modelling accuracy， and under the implementation of the policy of reducing water consumption by returning farmland from 2017 to 2036， the GTD in the ADFO， APOU and APOL will rise by 6.74 m， 2.55 m and 0.35 m， respectively. This study would provide directives for maintaining the sustainability of groundwater in oasis-desert systems in other similar endorheic watersheds.

Vegetation cover change has an important impact on water conservation function and ecological environment change in the water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin. Based on Google Earth Engine （GEE） cloud platform， MODIS data from 2001 to 2020 were selected to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover in the study area by one-dimensional linear regression and Hurst index. The effects of various factors on the spatial distribution of vegetation cover were explored based on geodetector and Pearson partial correlation analysis. The results showed as follows： （1） From 2001 to 2020， NDVI in the study area showed a fluctuating upward trend. The annual average NDVI value was 0.42， and the growth rate was 0.023·every decade. NDVI showed significant regional differences， decreasing from southeast to northwest. （2） From 2001 to 2020， the area with improvement trend （82.47%） was larger than the area with degradation trend （4.97%）， and the area with future continuous improvement （62.63%） was larger than the area with no change （5.78%） and the area with continuous degradation （3.69%）， indicating that the vegetation coverage will continue to maintain an increasing trend. （3） Annual precipitation had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of NDVI， reaching 0.502， followed by relative humidity （0.418） and altitude （0.374）. Precipitation （77.16%） and air temperature （71.82%） were positively correlated with NDVI spatial distribution， while sunshine hours （77.94%） and relative humidity （62.70%） were negatively correlated with NDVI spatial distribution. （4） The change of NDVI is jointly affected by climate change and human activities， and the shift from low NDVI land use types to high NDVI land use types caused by climate warming and human activities jointly promote the better development of vegetation cover. This study is helpful to clarify the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation cover and its influencing factors in the study area.

China， especially the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China， is one of the leading contributors in global greening， and ecological projects has been thought as the main causal factors. As a key desertification-combating actions， the impacts of desertification control on vegetation temporal dynamics have not been fully clarified. This study analyzed the differences of temporal dynamics of normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and its influencing factors between desertification vegetation and its adjacent zonal vegetation in arid regions of northern China. The results showed that： （1） Desertification in the study region initially expanded， peaked in 2000， and then reversed， implying desertification control worked after 2000. （2） During 1982-2021， NDVI in 44.5% of the study area significantly increased， while 5.8% of the study area experienced a notable reduction， suggesting a generally greening. The greening primarily occurred in the Hetao Plains， Horqin Sandy Land， Kubuqi， Mu Us Sandy Land， Southern Xinjiang， Junggar Basin and the Tianshan Mountains. More area in desertified areas （45.7%） showed remarkable increase than their adjacent zonal vegetation （41.7%）. （3） Notably， the increasing rate after 2000 （0.0055 a^-1） markedly greater than that of pre-2000 （0.0036 a^-1）. Moreover， larger increasing rate was found in desertified areas after 2000 but in adjacent zonal vegetation before 2000. （4） Precipitation and specific humidity were the dominant factors in both the desertification and their adjacent zonal vegetation， with wind speed exerting a more significant influence in some natural units. The correlation coefficient of NDVI with moisture was lower in desertified areas compared with their adjacent zonal vegetation， whereas wind speed exhibited a stronger correlation. Our results will provide a scientific foundation to evaluate desertification control effectiveness in the past and improve related measures in the future.

Creep is one of the three fundamental forms of blown sand movement and is currently a less-studied research area. Granule ripples， as a unique aeolian landform， are characterized by surfaces covered with coarse particles and composed of bimodal sediments. Their formation and evolution are closely related to creep movement， and the scientific community's understanding of their morphodynamic processes is quite limited. Therefore， this paper uses granule ripples as a study subject to investigate the laws of creep movement and explore their geomorphological significance. The research was conducted in the Sanlunsha area of the northern Kumtagh Desert， using a novel creep sand trap. We conducted 10 continuous in-situ observations over a period of 14 months. The results indicate that the creep sand flux on the surface of granule ripples ranges from 0.047 g·cm^-2·min^-1 to 0.352 g·cm^-2·min^-1， with significant seasonal variations. The grain size distribution of the creep material is bimodal， well-sorted， coarse-skewed， and has platy kurtosis. The content of medium and fine sand can reach 85%， while coarse sand and larger particles account for more than 10%. Creep sand fluxes exhibited clear variations depending on grain size， with the highest fluxes occurring in medium and fine sands， and measurably lower fluxes in very coarse sands and very fine gravels. There is a correlation between the creep sand flux and the average sand-driving wind speed. The strongest creep sand flux occurred during summer dust storms， while the weakest occurred in winter. In addition to wind conditions， the grain size characteristics of the sediments and the supply of sand from different directions also influence the creep sand flux and material composition. From a sedimentological perspective， the creep movement on the surface of granule ripples significantly contributes to the formation of their internal poured-in structures and coarse-fine interlayered forest laminations. This research provides new insights into the physical processes of wind-driven creep and the evolution of granule ripple bedforms. The traditional method of classifying creep based on grain size is questionable， and a more in-depth study of the mechanisms of creep movement and its geomorphological significance is necessary.

Since ancient times， Dunhuang has been a chokepoint of communication between Chinese and western civilizations. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty set up four counties to control the Hexi Region， and Dunhuang Prefecture was located in the west， with six counties under its jurisdiction， which was a strategic place to control the Western Regions. The location of the six counties has long been an important component of Dunhuang's historical research， but the location of some of the city sites is still controversial. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the environmental characteristics of several identified city sites， combining documentary and fieldwork analyses. The results show that there is a pattern that the sites are river-based and located at the intersection of mountainous alluvial fan margins and oases. The reason of this pattern is that the alluvial fan margin zone has good conditions for agricultural production， and is generally located near transportation routes， so given the vastness of the land that can be reclaimed， this zone is the most suitable for the agricultural peoples of the Central Plains， who is the first to dominate the Hexi Region， to reclaim. This pattern provides a new perspective for the study of the location of oasis towns in the arid zone， and indicates that the currently debated site of Yuanquan County should be in the location of the ancient city of Hanhunao， rather than the ancient city of Sidaogou as earlier thought by scholars.

The high-quality economic development and the security of the oasis ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of the Shule River Basin are intimately connected to the runoff emerging from the upper reaches. The Changma River， as the principal channel of the Shule River， exhibits extreme sensitivity to variations in climate and underlying surface changes. This study， focusing on the Changma River Basin and employing the Budyko hypothesis for the attribution analysis of runoff variations， arrives at the following primary conclusions： （1） Runoff， climate， and underlying surface factors all display pronounced characteristics of abrupt change， with the overall climate trend leaning towards warmer and more humid conditions. （2） Runoff exhibits the highest sensitivity to changes in precipitation， followed by underlying surface changes and potential evapotranspiration. In 1965-2015， the runoff in the Changma River demonstrated a significant increasing trend， with climate change （precipitation and potential evapotranspiration） and changes in the underlying surface contributing 37.31% and 62.79% to the runoff quantity changes， respectively. Changes in the underlying surface emerge as the predominant cause of runoff variations， with an increase in precipitation playing a secondary role. （3） The leaf area index is the factor most correlated with changes in runoff， followed by precipitation and soil water content. The change of underlying surface factors can explain the changes in runoff to a greater extent.

Aeolian-fluvial interaction is an important geomorphic process in arid and semi-arid areas. The interaction between wind and water power is causal and promoting and has significant spatio-temporal variation characteristics. Under its action， a unique landform landscape， riparian dune， is formed， which is different from the dune landform formed by a single wind accumulation. Taking Wudinghe River Basin in Mu Us Sandy Land as a research area， based on remote sensing image interpretation and other methods， the dynamic geomorphological changes of the interaction between river channels and dunes are studied. The results show that： （1） The vegetation coverage in the Wudinghe River Basin in the Mu Us Sandy Land has recovered well during 1990-2020， and the riparian dunes have gradually solidified， showing the transformation from mobile dunes to semi-fixed dunes and from semi-fixed dunes to fixed dunes. （2） The river channel affects the continuity of the distribution of sand dunes， which makes them fragmented， and also blocks the movement of sand dunes and the transmission of some coarse particle size sand. （3） The geomorphologic pattern of riparian dunes in typical reaches is distributed in a band centered on the river channel， and moving dunes， semi-fixed dunes and fixed dunes are successively distributed along the distance from the river channel. The angle between wind direction and river direction affects the form and distribution of riparian dunes by influencing the mode and intensity of aeolian-fluvial interaction. （4） Riparian dune geomorphic system and river hydrological system maintain a dynamic equilibrium state through the water supply relationship， but excessive human activities may break their thresholds， resulting in increased desertification degree and deterioration of river hydrological conditions.

Qinghai Lake， located in the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the transition region between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau， has always been an ideal area for the study of aeolian activity and aeolian sediments. Based on the existing results， we summarize research that improves our understanding of aeolian processes in the Qinghai Lake， including the distribution of sandy land， historical aeolian activity records， the provenance， transport process， and characteristics of aeolian sediments， aeolian geomorphology and land desertification. At present， the east and west of the lake are the main sandy land. Indicated by the grain size， chemistry and other sedimentary characteristics， the late Pleistocene， early Holocene and late Holocene were the main periods of aeolian activities and climatic variability in the Qinghai Lake. The provenance of the Hudong and the Huxi sandy land were different. The transport process is often affected by atmospheric circulation and regional wind conditions. In addition， the sandy land whose land desertification changes obviously under the influence of natural and human factors is covered with sand dunes， but the desertification degree has a tendency to weaken. The future research can be carried out in the evolution and differences of paleoclimate in Qinghai Lake， the establishment and perfection of chronology framework， aeolian sand activity process.

Rural revitalization is a crucial element in achieving high-quality development at the provincial level and is a significant strategic deployment to break the urban-rural binary differentiation. Rural revitalization in Gansu province is influenced by multiple conditions， this study uses the “TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment）” theoretical framework and employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the intrinsic mechanisms and factor combinations of rural revitalization in 14 cities and prefectures in Gansu province. The study analyzes 5 configuration paths that affect rural revitalization and summarizes 2 development models： the digital technology-led rural revitalization model and the government-led rural revitalization model under the TOE framework. In order to accelerate the construction of a new engine for rural revitalization in Gansu Province and narrow the urban-rural development gap， digital technology should be integrated into rural development and efforts should be made to create an attractive image for rural Gansu. Additionally， the government should strengthen grassroots organization building using regulatory and incentive measures， particularly by enhancing the role of village party secretaries， optimizing the organizational interest chain， and promoting rural revitalization based on the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements.

As a product of arid climate， deserts record rich information about climate and environmental changes. The climate environment indicated by the characteristics of desert aeolian sediments varies under different regional conditions. In this study， we selected a total of 25 sample points from east to west in the Horqin Sandy Land， and the chromaticity index， DRS and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed to explore the spatial variation characteristics of aeolian sediments on the sandy surface. At the same time， the climate significance of various proxy indicators in the context of regional modern climate factors is discussed. The results show that the chromaticity characteristics of surface wind-sand sediments in Horqin Sandy Land are closely related to regional precipitation. L*， a* and b*/a* can be used as proxy indicators to indicate regional climate. The goethite and hematite in surface sediments are at low levels， and changes in Gt/Hm can indicate the overall trend of dry and wet climate conditions. The χ_fd% value of surface wind-sand sediments can be used as a proxy indicator of regional precipitation. The magnetic enhancement of sediments is mainly due to the strengthening of weathering and pedogenesis caused by the increase of precipitation intensity， which leads to the production of a large number of fine-grained ferromagnetic minerals. Generally speaking， the chromaticity， magnetic susceptibility and goethite to hematite ratio of surface aeolian sediments in Horqin sandy land can effectively indicate the regional climate and environment. This study deepens the relationship between surface sedimentation and climatic parameters in Northeast China from the perspective of modern process， and provides an important reference for the reconstruction of paleoclimate change history in Northeast China.

In order to explore the windbreak and sand-fixation effects of typical shrub plants in the desert-oasis transitional zone in the middle reaches of the Heihe River， through field investigation and observation experiments， the influence laws of sand-fixation plants Haloxylon ammodendron， Nitraria sphaerocarpa， and Calligonum mongolicum on the quantity and structure of wind-blown sand flow were quantitatively analyzed， and the influence mechanism was analyzed using the principles of aerodynamics. The results showed that the windbreak effect was Haloxylon ammodendron>Calligonum mongolicum>Nitraria sphaerocarpa， and there was a significant difference between the windward side and the leeward side. The windbreak effect of Haloxylon ammodendron was more significant than that of other shrub plants， with the maximum wind speed reduction ratio of 62.9% and the maximum effective protection distance. The sand blocking efficiency of Haloxylon ammodendron， Nitrariasphaerocarpa and Calligonum mongolicum were 60.7%， 51.0% and 46.3% respectively， and the sediment transport rate of each shrub plant decreased with height in a stepwise manner under the same wind speed. The relationship between sediment transport rate of shrub vegetation and wind speed conforms to exponential function or polynomial function. The sediment transport rate increases most rapidly when the wind speed exceeds 7.0 m·s^-1. Comprehensive analysis shows that the wind resistance effect of Haloxylon ammodendron is better than that of Nitraria sphaerocarpa and Calligonum mongolicum， but its near surface wind erosion prevention effect is average. Nitraria sphaerocarpa exhibits good wind erosion resistance due to its low and dense plant structure， but its effective protection distance is the smallest， and its wind erosion prevention effect is poor when the height is large. This result can provide a reference basis for the construction of sand-fixing vegetation in the desert oasis transitional zone in the middle reaches of the Heihe River.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification （UNCCD） is one of the important multilateral agreements involving global environmental protection and sustainable development. It has promoted international cooperation and jointly combat land desertification and drought. Since the signing of the UNCCD， the Chinese government has actively carried out international implementation work and makes remarkable achievements. However， desertification is still a major challenge facing the world. By combing the main contents of the previous conferences of the parties， the international implementation process was divided into three stages： the construction， exploration and substantive progress of the implementation mechanism. On this basis， this paper systematically reviewed and summarized China's implementation progress and international influence in terms of implementation mechanism and institutional operation， legal system construction， technological exploration， ecological engineering construction， sand industry development and international cooperation. The main problems were also discussed in the UNCCD implementation， and further countermeasures and suggestions for China’s implementation of the UNCCD in the new era of governance of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass-sand system to building a more perfect desertification combat system.

As one of the important materials of global climate change research， the Old Red Sand can effectively reflect the coastal geomorphological process and climate evolution background since the late Pleistocene. Limited by no reliable dating methods， the formation age and climatic background of Old Red Sand in South China have not been well solved. For that matter， this study selected the section of Yancuo Old Red Sand located in Jinjiang， Fujian Province. In the laboratory， the single aliquot regenerative-dose method of medium-particle quartz was used for luminescence age measurement， and the samples were tested for grain sizes and geochemical elements. The influence of dispersion coefficient and chemical weathering index CIA on the reliability of Old Red Sand dating results was discussed. At the same time， through the statistical analysis of probability density of some reported Old Red Sand age data in South China， the formation of Old Red Sand in South China and its environmental background were discussed. The results showed that： （1） Yancuo profile （YCR） was a typical aeolian sand dune， with good sorting， and the whole was mainly medium sand and fine sand. （2） The sedimentation of Old Red Sand in Yancuo was mainly formed during the period of 132.85-37.22 ka， among which， in the MIS5 and MIS4 stages， the sand dunes may be in the state of activation-deposition-reactivation， and the OSL signal is not well preserved， so it appears the illusion of "sedimentary disconnection". And the MIS3 stage corresponds to the regressive period， the sedimentation rate of aeolian sand is relatively fast， and the weathering degree is strong in the warm and humid climate environment. （3） Affected by sea level change and winter wind intensity， Old Red Sand deposition may occurred in both high sea level and low sea level， but its sedimentation stages are mainly occurred in 80-30 ka， corresponding to MIS4 and MIS3 stages. The sedimentary process of Old Red Sand mainly occurred in the regressive stage， when the sea level is neither high nor low. Too high or too low sea level will affect the provenance range， and then affect the accumulation process of Old Red Sand.

The study region is located in the Qilian Mountains and its surrounding areas， which are sensitive zone for monsoon-westerly interaction， and have complex climate change mechanisms. In this paper， a one-year sensitivity test was conducted to select the optimum parameterization scheme combination from five sets of schemes. With the optimum parameterization setting， a ten-year dynamic downscaling simulation of the study region was carried out over the period 2005-2014 using the regional climate model WRF driven by bias-corrected CMIP6 data. The results show that： （1） The WRF model is capable to simulate the air temperature well； different Parameterization scheme combinations perform weak effect on the simulation of temperature whilst the simulation of precipitation by the WRF model is more influenced by the parametric scheme combinations； and the simulation accuracy of precipitation is generally poorer than that of temperature. Sensitivity tests on the Parameterization scheme combinations show that the parametric scheme combination of the Thompson cloud microphysics scheme， Grell-D cumulus convection scheme， RRTM-Dudhia radiation physics scheme， and Noah land surface process scheme is the most suitable for the Qilian Mountains and surrounding areas. The results of the sensitivity tests on topographic data show no significant improvement in the simulation of temperature and precipitation. （2） The spatial distribution characteristics of simulated temperature and precipitation are generally able to reproduce the observed datasets. The spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation is greatly influenced by the altitude， with lower temperature but more precipitation at the higher altitudes than the surrounding lower altitudes； the correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed temperature is much significant than that on precipitation. Simulation biases are mainly identified in the underestimation of temperature but overestimation of precipitation. At the station sites， both simulated temperature and precipitation have almost identically normal distribution patterns for observed temperature and precipitation， specifically with deviations in winter temperature and summer precipitation simulations at each station.

Pinus tabulaeformis，an endemic and widely distributed conifer in China， is widely distributed conifer species in China， and it is also the main afforestation species in the northern region of China. The impact of climate change on the growth of P. tabuliformis has become a hot research topic of genecology. In this study， based on the results of research on the chronology of P. tabuliformis， we systematically sorted out and analyzed the characteristics of the response of its radial growth to climatic factors under the influence of different precipitation， temperature， and other factors in the northern region of China. Our aim was to clarify the regional differentiation characteristics and provide a theoretical and decision-making basis for the management of natural and planted forests of P. tabuliformis. The results showed the following： （1） The main factor limiting the radial growth of P. tabuliformis is precipitation during the growing season. In regions with annual precipitation lower than 400 mm， hydrothermal factors in the growing season mainly influence the radial growth. In regions with annual precipitation of 400-600 mm， the radial growth of P. tabuliformis is mainly limited by temperature and precipitation. In regions with annual precipitation higher than 600 mm， the radial growth of P. tabuliformis is mainly affected by May precipitation and temperature and their combined effect of drought stress （2） The “lagging effect” of precipitation （e.g.， the previous precipitation of September） on the radial growth of P. tabuliformis is a significant factor， and it is mainly observed in regions with annual precipitation lower than 600 mm and annual mean temperatures below 9 ℃. （3） Winter temperature promotes the growth of P. tabuliformis in regions with annual precipitation higher than 600 mm and annual mean temperatures higher than 9 ℃. However， it inhibits the growth in regions with annual precipitation lower than 600 mm and annual mean temperatures lower than 9 ℃. Under the climatic background of global warming， the distribution of P. tabuliformis is likely to shift from arid and semi-arid regions to relatively humid regions and from low to high altitudes.

China's desert area is critical for the current and future development of the photovoltaic sector. Combining the construction of photovoltaic power stations with ecological environment repair is an essential prerequisite for the development of the desert-based economy， which must be considered from the basic site selection planning stage. A more comprehensive consideration of environmental factors can help carry out targeted zoning planning for desert areas and implement precise and effective ecological construction work. This paper takes the Badain Jaran Desert and the surrounding desert area as the study area， and adds the environmental constraints affecting the later ecological construction on the basis of the original constraints on photovoltaic power plant siting. It divides the region into four first-level subdivisions according to the suitability for photovoltaic power station construction and further subdivides them into eight sub-zones based on elements such as topography and precipitation. It also puts forward the countermeasures for the ecological construction corresponding to each sub-zone. The ecological construction in areas with less than 50 mm of annual precipitation mainly focuses on the effectiveness of windbreaks and sand fixation， while areas with 50~200 mm of precipitation should have both windbreak and sand fixation as well as ecological restoration effectiveness. In the gobi region， attention should be paid to the protection of the gravel surface， and in the desert region， attention should be paid to the prevention and control of wind and sand hazards.