关键词: 松嫩平原, 湿地荒漠化, 地表径流, 植被, 人类活动

Abstract: The loss of wetland function to supply resources and improve ecological environment,caused by wetland desertification,led to the deterioration of human's living environment.Along with the intensification of wetland desertification day by day,the mechanism of wetland desertification must be studied in order to take measures to relax the process of wetland desertification and improve the environment of deserted wetland ultimately.In the paper,we briefed the current situation of wetland desertification in Songnen Plain,discussed the causes and put forward the countermeasures to relax wetland desertification,which have directive significance to protecting and improving ecological environment of wetland and rationally utilizing land resources.Wetland desertification is serious in Songnen Plain.The distribution area of strong and serious desertification of wetlands accounted for 14.8 percent of whole Songnen Plain.The area of fresh water wetland shrank gradually and at the same time the deserted wetland extended.The area of wetland reduced step by step,in the meantime the area of saline soil enlarged.The desertification degree of wetland intensified continuously.The latent factors of wetland desertification are the arid climate,shallow groundwater and high degree of mineralization of groundwater.The restraining factors of wetland desertification are surface flow and plants.Human's activities such as reclamation of grassland,excessive graze and construction of irrigation works and ways destroyed the surface flow and plants,leading to the wetland s desertification.The countermeasures reversing wetland's desertification are to bring into play the multi-function of irrigation works,to construct ways which have ecological meanings,to obey physical law and give up reclamation of grass,lakes and marshes in the light of local conditions,to carry out total control of livestock,to control increasing sum of population and to raise the quality of population.

Key words: Songnen Plain, wetland desertification, surface flow, vegetation, human activity