巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区近50 a来气候变化特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用巴丹吉林沙漠周边9个气象站的1960—2009年逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、平均相对湿度和日照时数及1960—2008年逐月平均风速的观测资料,运用线性回归、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了该区近50 a来气候变化特征。结果表明,近50 a来,巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区年平均气温以0.40 ℃/10a的速率显著升高;四季平均气温的升高亦很显著,以冬季的升温速率最大;年、季节平均最高气温和平均最低气温均呈显著升高趋势;年、季平均日较差则显著减小,且以最低气温的升温速率大于最高气温的升温速率为特点。年降水量以0.87 mm/10a的速率呈不显著增加趋势;各季节降水量变化略有差异且均不显著,春季降水量略有减少,夏、秋和冬季略有增加。湿润指数的变化不明显,总体来看,年和冬季湿润指数略有增大,春、夏和秋季湿润指数略有减小。年日照时数以34.8 h/10a的速率显著增加,各季节日照时数亦均有增加趋势,其中春季增加最为明显。年平均风速以-0.092 m·s-1·(10a)-1的速率呈显著减小趋势;各季节平均风速均显著减小,以冬季的减小速率最大。

关键词: 气候变化, 气温, 降水量, 湿润指数, 日照时数, 风速

Abstract: The meteorological data of 9 stations around the Badain Jaran desert are analyzed based on the liner regression method, 5-year moving average method and Mann-Kendall abrupt test to get the feature of climate change in this area in the past 50 years. The data includes monthly mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, precipitation, mean relative humidity and sunshine duration from 1960 to 2009, and monthly mean wind speed from 1960 to 2008. In this study, the annual mean temperature showed a significant increase with a rate of 0.4 ℃/10a in recent 50 years. The increase of seasonal mean temperature was also very apparent, with the most rapid in winter. The annual and seasonal mean maximum and the mean minimum increased also, which was characterized by the fact that the minimum temperature increased faster than maximum. But the annual and seasonal mean daily temperature range decreased obviously. The precipitation increased slightly with a rate of 0.87 mm/10a, and changed differently in different seasons: it decreased slightly in spring and increased slightly in summer, autumn and winter. The fluctuation of wetness degree did not change much, with a overall trend of increase in annual and winter while decrease in spring, summer and autumn. Annual duration of sunshine increased significantly with a rate of 34.8 h/10a. Seasonal sunshine duration also increased and the most significant increase occurred in spring. Annual mean wind speed change showed a dramatic decrease trend with a rate of 0.09 m·s-1·(10a)-1. All seasonal mean wind speed decreased significantly and especially in winter.

Key words: climate change, temperature, precipitation, wetness degree, sunshine duration, wind speed

中图分类号:

P467

马宁;王乃昂*;朱金峰;陈秀莲;陈红宝;董春雨. 巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区近50 a来气候变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(6): 1541-1547.

MA Ning;WANG Nai-ang;ZHU Jin-feng;CHEN Xiu-lian;CHEN Hong-bao;DONG Chun-yu. Climate Change Around the Badain Jaran Desert in Recent 50 Years[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(6): 1541-1547.

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