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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 206-215.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00055

• • 上一篇    下一篇

腾格里沙漠南缘花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)人工固沙林演替规律与机制

马全林1,2(), 张锦春1,2(), 陈芳1, 张德魁1, 魏林源1   

  1. 1.甘肃省治沙研究所,荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省治沙研究所,民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-03 修回日期:2020-06-29 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 张锦春
  • 作者简介:张锦春(E-mail: zhangjcgs@126.com
    马全林(1974—),男,甘肃陇西人,研究员,博士,主要从事荒漠化防治与生态恢复研究。E-mail: mql925@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31660232);国家重点研发计划(SQ2016YFHZ020617);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2FA009)

Mechanism and dynamics for succession of artificial Hedysarum scoparium sand-binding forests at the southern edge of Tengger Desert

Quanlin Ma1,2(), Jinchun Zhang1,2(), Fang Chen1, Dekui Zhang1, Linyuan Wei1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating /, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070, China
    2.Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2020-01-03 Revised:2020-06-29 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-09-01
  • Contact: Jinchun Zhang

摘要:

人工固沙林演替决定着固沙造林的成效。在腾格里沙漠南缘,应用空间代替时间的方法,选择造林封育5、15、25年花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)人工固沙林,对照流动沙丘和地带性植被样地,从生态水文、土壤种子库、土壤-植被相互关系等方面研究了人工固沙林演替的生态学机制,为区域人工固沙植被建设、保护和修复提供理论依据。结果表明:腾格里沙漠南缘花棒人工固沙林演替过程中,花棒、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)和沙蒿(Artemisia rtemisia sphaerocephala)逐渐退出,自然优势种由一年生草本植物向半灌木、半灌木与多年生草本植物演替,25年后形成相对稳定的近自然固沙植被,呈现向草原化荒漠演替的趋势,但与地带性植被相似性只达到50%。表层土壤持水力持续增强,25年后达到流动沙丘的3.4倍,引起土壤水分浅层化和深层土壤干旱,驱动了深根系植物的衰亡和浅根性草本植物的发展。土壤种子库中沙米和沙蒿快速减少,并在造林25年后消失;油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)持续增加,短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)在25年后出现;土壤种子库与地上植被组成的相似性超过50%,驱动人工固沙林向油蒿+多年生草本植被演替。伴随人工固沙林植被演替,土壤容重持续降低,黏粒、粉粒、有机质和全氮含量持续增大,与人工固沙林群落、物种组成形成密切的对应关系,决定了固沙林演替阶段和物种组成。固沙造林启动并加速了自然植被的恢复演替,是干旱区沙化土地生态恢复的必要措施,但要充分考虑地带性植被和生境条件,以快速建立稳定的近自然植被。

关键词: 花棒, 固沙林, 土壤水分含量, 土壤种子库, 腾格里沙漠

Abstract:

The succession of sand-binding forest impacts the construction effect of sand fixation forest. With the method of substituting time with space, the artificial sand-binding forests afforested for 5, 15 and 25 years at the southern edge of Tengger Desert were selected as a success stage series, and the adjacent mobile sand dune and native vegetation habitat were took as the reference sites to reveal the ecological mechanism of the succession of artificial sand-binding forests from the aspects of ecological hydrology, soil seed bank and soil-vegetation corresponding relationship, which provided theoretical basis for the construction, protection and restoration of regional artificial sand-binding vegetation. The results showed that during the successional process of artificial sand-binding forest of Hedysarum scoparium in the southern edge of Tengger Desert, the artificial population of H. scoparium, pioneer plants Agriophyllum squarrosum and Artemisia sphaerocephala declined gradually, and the natural dominant species changed from annual herbs to semi shrubs, then to semi shrubs and perennial herbs. After 25 years, a relatively stable near natural sand-binding vegetation similar to the zonal vegetation up to 50% was formed, which showed a trend of grassland desertification succession. During the successional process of artificial sand-binding forest, the topsoil water holding capacity increased continually, reaching 3.4 times of that of the mobile sand dunes after 25 years, which resulted in the shallow distribution of soil moisture and the drought of the deep soil, driving the decline of the deep root plants and the development of the shallow root herbs. A. squarrosum and A. sphaerocephala in the soil seed bank decreased rapidly and disappeared after 25 years; A. ordosica continued to increase and Stipa breviflora appeared after 25 years, which was more than 50% similar to the aboveground vegetation composition, driving the artificial sand-binding forest to A. ordosica vegetation with perennial herbs. With the succession of artificial sand-binding forest, soil bulk density continued to decrease, clay, silt, organic matter and total nitrogen continued to increase, which was closely related to the community and species composition of artificial sand-binding forest, and determined the succession stage and species composition of sand-binding forest. Obviously, sand fixation and afforestation is a necessary measure for ecological restoration of the desertified land in arid areas, which starts and accelerates the restoration and succession of natural vegetation. However, the zonal vegetation and soil habitat conditions should be fully considered in sand fixation and afforestation, so as to establish stable near natural vegetation quickly.

Key words: Hedysarum scoparium, sand-binding forest, soil water content, soil seed bank, Tengger Desert

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